Leasing Company in Viet Nam

LEASING COMPANY IN VIET NAM | Advantage| Disadvantage| Market| Viet Nam is considered as a great potential market for developing financial leasing activities. In Vietnam, this form of credit is quite suitable for small and medium enterprise, so the number of small and medium enterprises account for more than 95% of the total number of enterprises created a huge demand and practical for financial leasing services.The fundamental reason of this demand comes from the aspects such as: * The urgency of innovation of equipment, machine and technology for enterprises * The limited capital sources of small and medium-sized enterprises| In fact, leasing companies have not found a suitable market segment. A large number of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam are the target customers of the leasing companies do not know or have little information about true benefits of financial leasing services.Above disadvantage is due to following main reasons: * It is difficult to change habits of Vietn amese businesses: When they need capital to renewal technology, they often borrow from the banks * The propaganda, disseminating information, and access the leasing company's customers are still limited. | Market share| At the present, there are 12 enterprises operating in financial leasing field, so the competition is not great.Companies can share the market share and earn profit| | Legal | | System of law in the financial leasing activities is asynchronous and inadequate: especially, the provisions on settlement of disputes,asset recovery, asset register is not consistent| Capital | | In fact, the capital of the leasing company is very small, while credit activity of this type of company is the medium and long term (1 year or more).On the other hand,It is very difficult to raise capital to leasing company in Viet Nam, which mainly rely on the bank's loans but State Bank regulations about these loans are so strict| Bad debt| | In 2012, leasing companies have the highest bad debt ra tio in the list of credit institutionsFor example:Bad debt ratio of the leasing companies in Ho Chi Minh City went up to more than 50% by mid-2012The difficulties in the recovery of assets due to incomplete basis legal is one of the most disadvantage of the leasing company| Human resources | | Lack of qualified staff and manager.Continuous recruitment lead to waste a lot of time and money and have much negative effect on business activities of company. | http://taichinh. vnexpress. net/tin-tuc/goc-chuyen-gia/2012/09/cong-ty-cho-thue-tai-chinh-be-tac-trong-xu-ly-no-xau-21085/ http://www. vcci. com. vn/dau-tu-tai-chinh/20130121092728839/loi-thoat-nao-cho-thue-mua-tai-chinh. htm

Week Lesson

Chamberlain College of Nursing. Transcript Organization and Time Management Starting a new venture can be exciting and challenging. You're pleased to begin a new phase In your life, yet concerned about how you'll handle all of the new responsibilities. You may already have a Job, family. And other commitments, and now you've added school to the list. Are there enough hours in the day?One way to answer this question is to take a serious look at how much time you Penn working, sleeping, caring for your family, and engaging in outside activities. Ask yourself what could be consolidated, eliminated, or delegated to someone else to allow you more time for school. The Question As a nurse, you already have many organizational and time management skills that you put to use every day in your job. Think about your skills, and then click to view the answer.Your Answer The Expert Says If you are a staff nurse, each morning you check the assignment board to see which tenants you'll care for that day, gather your report sheets, and enter the conference room. You'll listen to reports focusing on the Important issues and Jotting down notes to help you remember the Items later In the day. Chances are that you have a system for taking report that even involves writing the important issues in certain locations on your report sheet for easy retrieval later. As you leave the conference room, you're thinking about meds due in the next hour and organizing your medication cart.You aka rounds on your patients and do assessments next. Whether you use a written list or a mental one, you've already determined what Important events need to be taken care of during your shift. Who Is going to surgery and needs the preoperative checklist completed? Who is going home and needs discharge teaching and confirmation of transportation? Who is a flirt-day posts patient and needs the dressing changed and to be up in a chair? Who needs blood? On top of all that, you're prepared for the unexpected admi ssions or emergencies.You know who your aide is for the day and what you'll be delegating to that person. You then remember that you have a staff meeting at 1 p. M. , so you'll need to plan your schedule a little differently today to make time to attend that Important meeting. The day doesn't end when you're done at work. Tonight is your son's hockey game, so you'll be there after work. See? You already have much experience organizing and managing your time! How can you use all those great skills to promote success as an online student? Compare

Characteristics of Orientalism, Prejudice, and Discrimination

The difference between Muslims and Arabs according to the Schaefer text is; often being confused that they are the same Muslims are a type of religious group where as Arabs are a type of ethnic group. In the beginning of the text it describes and says that â€Å"Most Arab Americans are not Muslim and most Muslim Americans are not of Arab background. Within each group is a significant diversity that can be seen by differences in forms of religious expression, ancestral background, and recentness of arrival in the United States (Axia College, 2006).† A big factor when trying to see the differences between Arabs and Muslims is their religion, in the text it explains that Muslims relate closely to Christians religion wise because, they both worship the same god where Arabic’s worship their own god. Some of the changes that have been made by the United States for Muslims and Arabic’s is; they have made jobs for many of them more available. Since September 11, 2001 many Americans have had a hard time trusting Muslims and Arabic’s in return have treated them poorly. The United States has helped over the years to prove that not every single person in the Arabic and Muslim was involved or had anything to do with it. Over the years people have started to treat Arabic’s and Muslim’s better but it still has been hard for them to be accepted in the United States. Orientalism in correlation to Arabic’s and Muslims has lead to sweeping unity within the societies. â€Å"For many people in the United States, the mosque does not represent religious freedom and diversity or even a curiosity but a foreign threat in yet another example of Orientalism† (Axia College, 2006). Some suggestions to help promote tolerance would be to get to know people. People perceive others a certain way based on what is told to them about a certain person. We only see the â€Å"bad† that the Muslims and Arabic’s have done because of things that have happened in the past. A good suggestion would be to make community groups and get to know others, it’s always nice to get to know people and learn about things.

Euthanasia - Right or wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Euthanasia - Right or wrong - Essay Example As keeping in mind that it is actually his own life which he wants to terminate. The other point that comes under ethics is that what should be the circumstances under which Euthanasia should be allowed. Euthanasia cannot be allowed in any normal circumstances but only when there is no other option left for the patient as well as the physician. Many people believe that the Euthanasia should no be allowed in any case. According to them there is a chance that it can be used as rivalry or might be used as a cover for murder. When see it closely there is very less difference in killing and letting someone die. Killing can be either giving a person any lethal injection and by letting someone die is to see any person who is about to die and do nothing for him or her. Euthanasia is said to be a pain relief. The doctor gives a lethal injection to the patient in order to relieve him or her from the pain and he never intended to kill him. This is known as Doctrine of Double Effect. It is sometimes known as â€Å"easy killing†. Normally people think that the only reason for asking Euthanasia is the unbearable pain and suffering but the recent research in USA and Netherlands proved that the less than a third of requests were because of severe and unbearable pain and suffering. If a person is in a condition of long illness and his or her personal life is severely damaged due to his illness and isolation. He may be having a worst relation with his or her spouse, children or friends. His may be in danger of loosing his job, in these circumstances, the only thing that attacked him is depression and fear. The fear of loosing his job, the fear of loosing his family, the fear of being deserted by his friends, fear to loose his control over his life and fear of loosing his dignity, he might imagine himself as a burden on his family and on earth, he might think of himself as a

Information Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Information Technology - Research Paper Example However, the same cloud computing program has some weaknesses. First, possible data loss may occur when the chosen cloud computing site malfunctions. Second, confidential data may be leaked by cloud computing hackers (Dhanjani, 2009). Third, Cloud computing site employees or management personnel will retrieve and/or use the uploaded cloud computing information for profit or other illegal purposes. Vodafone educational technology Vodafone came up with a new technology during 2014. The new technology aims to bridge the information technology gap between parents and their children (Bateman, 2015). With the parents falling behind in terms of information technology I.Q., Vodafone offers free information technology lessons to parents of enrolled children. Pilot studies were conducted in some selected North London and South London elementary schools during 2014. Specifically, the school in London’s Wiltshire and Rugby communities were included in Vodafone’s child and parent joint information technology programs. Further, the program has its strengths. First, parents will learn to keep abreast with continually changing information technology. Second, the Vodafone program creates a stronger bond between parents and their elementary children. Third, the parent’s new information technology capability will enhance the parents’ communication-based work outputs at home and at work (Bateman, 2015). However, the same program some weaknesses. First, uninterested parents cannot be forced to learn the new technology.

The Reasons for the Fall of the Inca Empire Essay

The Reasons for the Fall of the Inca Empire - Essay Example The people in this kingdom used assimilations to incorporate the majority of the western part of south America. They also used violence to spread their rule within the region. The kingdom was spread from the mountains in Andrea to Ecuador over to Bolivia and into the countries of Chile and Columbia. Their official language was called Quechua though many dialects of the language were spoken. The people of the kingdom worshipped the sun god and considered their king as a son of the sun god. 2 Most of the people in the kingdom were pastoralists. After the attack and occupation of the Spaniards on the capital, Cusco, the Inca people constructed other strongholds in the towns of Vilcabamba along with Vitcos. The fall of the Inca Empire came as a result of their defeat in war by the Spaniards among many other reasons. The Spaniards had already managed to conquer the Indians of Mexico in the year 1519 under the leadership of Hernan Cortes. 3 The Incas though had no information concerning th e conquest of the Indians. The Inca people only realized that the white man was around in the years between 1523 to 1525. There was an attack by the Spaniards accompanied by the Indians of central Mexico and under the leadership of Alejo Garcia, a Spaniard, on the Inca at Gran Chaco. This helped in creating awareness among the Inca of the white man’s presence.4 In the year 1527, an outbreak of small pox affected the people of the empire leaving very devastating effects on the community. The Inca’s leader known as Huayna Capac passed away in the same year leaving a very large kingdom that encountered many wrangles on his progression. The leader had 500 boys and two of them seemed the favorites to succeed their father. They were Huascar and Atahualpa who resided in Cusco.5 This culminated in the outbreak of a civil unrest that lasted for a period of five years due to the power struggles between the brothers. The war was fought between two factions each being led by eithe r of the step brothers. Atahualpa won the war but his victory did not last long enough. This is because after two weeks the Spaniard Pizzarro arrived for his second trip to the region accompanied by one hundred and seventy seven men. Among these men only sixty seven of them were soldiers and they arrived in the year 1532 at Tumbes.6 The Inca leadership under Atahualpa had precise information concerning the whereabouts of the Spaniards.7 They however made faulty interpretations of the details since they were told that the white’s guns were only thunderbolts which could fire twice. Their soldiers were also told to that the whites man horses were not appropriate at night. 8 They claimed that the horse and the man were the same thing and the survival of one depended on the other. This implied that if one of them fell, the other was completely useless. The Inca people were also led into believing that the Spanish swords would do no harm to them. The perpetrators of this propaganda claimed that their swords were just as inefficient like a woman’s plank used for weaving purposes. The Spanish people did not however attack immediately.9 They invited the Inca leader, Atahualpa, to visit in their walled city and the leader foolishly walked into their trap. He was accompanied by many of his tribesmen though they were unarmed. They came in this condition as a result of being convinced by a Christian priest and a demigod of the Inca. The Spaniards laid an ambush on the Inca’

Carabba Restaurant Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carabba Restaurant - Case Study Example In two words the character could be described as "cozied up". Deep comfortable booths would be installed to make you feel pampered and a combined Venice beach/Italian dcor that takes you back to another era. Front and centre would be a huge photograph of the boardwalk as it was in 1910, when ladies took their parasols along for the stroll and the men wore straw hats. Posters and signage on the walls come from the days when wine and grappa were still being served as a matter of course. e. Promotion - At the opening of the season I would present my own Carnivale on the boardwalk thus creating my own Italian Boardwalk. The website provides some amusing promotional ideas such as the "in love" campaign. In addition to that I would seek to bring children into the contest as well. I would have them tell me what is their favorite Italian dish, or maybe even do an outdoor cook off with kids cooking their favorite Italian dish and the winning dish has a place of honor on our children's menu. Depending on reception, this would be a once a month contest. a. Media selection - A new restaurant is usually a highly-anticipated event in many smaller cities. Heighten this anticipation by promoting the restaurant even while you're still working on construction. Make sure you hang a banner announcing the arrival of a new and exciting restaurant. Generate positive word of mouth advertising through radio spots and print media. By the time you are ready to open the doors, you should have a crowd of hungry customers waiting. Restaurants typically enjoy a 'honeymoon' period where business is booming and new customers are pouring in. What I want to do is keep enough of those customers coming back for more. Within reason, I would promote our best dishes with 'two for one' deals or other heavy discounts b. Message content I'll want to find a theme for the restaurant that is exciting and innovating, or at least different than the competition. Basically, a good restaurant environment seduces the customer into ordering higher-ticket specialty foods and also encourages return visits. But 'gimmicks' must be kept to a minimum for long-term success. I would decorate the walls with theme-related items, such as antiques or imported Italian delicacies. Uniforms that match the theme and decor of the restaurant. Background music is essential, and offers a chance to emphasize the theme even more.

Discuss ideologies using a marxist approach Essay

Discuss ideologies using a marxist approach - Essay Example This is because the economy and its indices play very important roles in determining who we are. Modern socialism is, in its content, primarily the product of the perception on the one hand of the class antagonisms existing in modem society between possessors and non-possessors, wage workers and bourgeois; and, on the other hand, of the anarchy ruling in production. In its theoretical form, however, it originally appears as a further and ostensibly more logical extension of the principles established by the great French philosophers of the eighteenth century. Like every new theory, it had at first to link itself to the intellectual material which lay ready at hand, however deep its roots lay in economic facts. Engels 185 Marxism principally has to with the modes of production in any society. Marxism recognizes that there are two main social classes: the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The division can be further divided into petit-bourgeoisie and the lumpen-proletariat. The mode of production which Marxists advocate is socialism. Socialism is a system of production in which everyone in the society is equal; in this society, every form of inequality as a result of ownership and control of the mode of production by individuals is not welcome. Unlike what obtains in a capitalist state, the majority will no longer toil only for the non-working upper class to reap the fruit of their labor. However, Marxists believe that the transformation from capitalism will not happen all of a sudden. The change will go through some evolutionary and revolutionary stage. The change which the people desire would only come when they arrive at that point where they determine that they want it bad enough to ask for it—this is the time the proletariat have been pushed to the wall. Marxists believe that capitalism will not exist forever because before it, there were some other modes of production like feudalism and slavery. When the proletariats have taken the reins of power from their oppressors, then socialism will emerge. Socialism is the stage where the masses have been able to remove class stratification. Yet, socialism is itself not perfect until the mode of production become communist. The bottom-line is that no matter what the ideology is, the Marxist approach is against it if it promotes social inequality. In trying to come out as conquerors in the battle waged against capitalism and other holders of ideologies that are incoherent with what Marxism stands for, Marxists are well aware of the fact that one of the first places key to their victory is the minds of the oppressed. In daily living, our consciousness plays a very integral role. Every human being makes use of their consciousness in everything they do. Capitalism has succeeded, through bourgeois ideology, in capturing the operations of the consciousness of many people such that they themselves are now the ones that have given themselves to the dictates of capitalism. All these happen because anything that happens under capitalism is built under the construct of ideology. It is the belief of capitalists that profit must be made at all cost. So, they explore all they can; every machine, every human power. The situation in many capitalist enterprises is such that the laborer is far less important than the machine. Capitalism

Whistleblowing and Deviance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Whistleblowing and Deviance - Essay Example However, deviance and its definition differ with cultures. For example, somebody going against culturally defined gender roles may be deviant in some cultures, but not in the United States. Types of Deviance The rule-breaking behavior can be understood in three forms: Good behavior. This is the type of deviance that may break the social norms but intends something good to happen. For example, Dr. David Kelly had talked to a few BBC journalists, off-the-record, about the issues between the Blair government and Saddam Hussain’s weapons of mass destruction, but his words were portrayed in a very wrong way, which resulted in such a critical situation that finally dragged him to commit suicide. He killed himself as a result of whistleblowing (Henderson, 2003) Odd behavior. Many behaviors are considered as not normal while they are also not criminal. Such odd behavior includes behaving awkwardly in public places, wearing outlandish dresses, piercing one’s eyes and lips, etcet era. Bad behavior. This is the criminal behavior that is apt to break the societal and country’s laws, and the behavior is totally unacceptable for the society. ... n 1939 by Edwin Sutherland, a renowned criminologist and sociologist, during a speech when he was addressing the American Sociological Society (Schlegel & Weisburd, 1994, p.3). The organization itself is the actor in deviant behavior, where the white collar crime is committed by businessmen of the organization. In organizational deviance, the organization is responsible for the crime, and has to face penalties for it. According to Karri & Associates (2006), organizational deviance include crimes like bankruptcy fraud, computer crime, identity theft, pension fund crime, occupational crime, securities fraud, and medical fraud. However, organizational deviance is more inclined toward unethical behavior shown by its employees. When this deviance becomes a characteristic of the entire organization rather than of a single individual, it becomes a crime. In other words, when the deviant behavior is overlooked by employees, and is even supported by higher authorities, it becomes organization al deviance, or in other words, white collar crime. Case Study How Deviance Occurred? Individual deviance was being carried on by the employee, Bradley Birkenfeld; and, since it was supported by the whole organization, it became organizational deviance. Deviance occurred because the whole of the organization was working with an intention to help wealthy Americans evade taxes. Bradley Birkenfeld also found out that the organization was not in compliance with U.S. tax laws. When the organization’s authorities came to know about it, they fired him and did not issues him the financial statement for his dismissal, due to which he whistleblew to the IRS and SEC about UBS’s activities. This is how deviance occurred. Since Bradley Birkenfeld did not show his own complicity in the entire case,

Rule of Law and Separation of Powers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Rule of Law and Separation of Powers - Essay Example This notion is referred to as 'separation of powers'. Over the years 'the Rule of Law' has gained many critical acclaims due to the traditional ethical values it uphold in the UK constitution. Those set of values are universally accepted and implemented in most of the European states for the rule does not allow any deviation or updation in the 'written' or 'unwritten' part of the Constitution. 'Separation of powers' the word created by a French thinker 1 is today pursued by the doctrine of the separation of powers (SOP) which suggests that SOP is no less important globally than nationally. This refers to the fundamental commitment to the creation and maintenance of independent judicial bodies to interpret and apply diverse areas of international law is essential to international law's continuing integrity 2. SOP refers to that established constitutional principle that believes and negates the notion that, there must not be any accumulation of too much power in a single entity (one person) or decision-making body, instead the power must be distributed among the three branches of the constitution named the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. In case the power is vested in a single authority, it would lead to inefficiency and corruption 3. Lord Scarman invoked Entick v. ... The King's messengers were liable for trespass in the absence of authority indicating the legality of general warrants of search and seizure: the 'silence of the books' was held to be authority against them. The House of Lords held that a constable could not lawfully require a person to provide a breath specimen, under the Road Traffic Act 1972, section 8, if he were present on that person's property without permission. Police officers had not been acting in the execution of their duty, as was necessary for a valid exercise of the power, because they were trespassers 4. The Rule of Law indicated in this case provides the foundation of constitutional rights. The legality of the issue and execution of general warrants of search and seizure could not be established, and the King's Messengers were therefore liable for trespass. The judges would see if justification were provided by statute or common law: 'If no such excuse can be found or produced, the silence of the books is an authority against the defendant 5. McGonnell V. UK McGonnell v UK case depicts the violation in the context of separation of power, which the court found guilty of regarding the lack of prejudice in requirement in Article 6(1). "This was mainly because of the personal relations between the judiciary of the Bailiff of Guernsey and his legislative and executive roles. The Bailiff's overlapping functions meant that he had presided over the Guernsey legislature when it had adopted the Development Plan, which was relevant to the applicant's planning application. The Bailiff's attitude in his judicial capacity made clear to the court the applicant's planning appeal, therefore the Court held this to be in breach

The Political Evolution and Development Policies (successes and Essay

The Political Evolution and Development Policies (successes and failures) of UGANDA - Essay Example He developed a National Resistance Movement (NRM) to vigilantly let free the city and countryside residents without provoking their cultural specialties. In 1994, Museveni’s party along with the NRM managed to get two third majority in the Assembly election. Further he managed to win two no-party presidential elections and legalized the ‘Movement’, however the success of the movement is considered to be doubtful due to the changing political environment (Kaiser & Okumu 2004 p.2-3). According to Johann Kriegler, the expression – developing countries in Africa – is no longer true. This regression is attributed to the worsening rate of child death, life expectancy, per capita Income, GDP and HIV/AIDS. Most of the African countries have nil or negative economic growth. With various religious and other interferences, the basic ethnic beliefs and practices of tribal Africans have been forgotten. To understand the democratic development of African politics, democracy in Africa should be considered as by Africans and for Africans. European Unions and the United States have played a major role in Africa’s development. The author asserts that they should play a more dominant role in the development of the continent and exceed the amount of contributions made thus far. Further Africa should regulate its policies and follow open door systems towards international markets. While kindness is poured by way of truckloads of grains, it would be better to take it from African farmers rather than taking away their livelihood with more supply of grains. Professor Amartya Sen notes that government tactlessness and famine are directly related to poverty. Constitutional rights and liberty create and guarantee prospects of involvement and are essential not only in preventing unbalanced allocation of shortcoming but also in assuring equal economic privileges.

Prison Food Essay Example for Free

Prison Food Essay According to Faulkner (136-137), the need for correctional institutions to rehabilitate offenders has been highlighted by the increasing cost of operations as well as recidivism statistics indicating that majority of offenders escalate in crimes committed and the lack of social participation or integration released offers are able to attain upon release (Hepburn Griffin, 57-59). This perspective suggests that rehabilitation is linked to offenders’ productive and social potential. At the same time, Holmes (9) believes that the relationships and competencies developed by the offender during incarceration can serve as foundation for social reintegration and long-term rehabilitation. Thus many correctional facilities such as the Northeastern Correctional Center, have undertaken programs that are designed to better equip offenders upon their release by engaging them in the institutions’ kitchen crew (Terris). Their objective is not only educating inmates in the food trade industry for possible employment but also to reinforce social bonds and self-development (Hepburn Griffin, 63-66). Background Terris points out that the programs is neither novel nor unique to the Northeastern Correctional Center. However, unlike general kitchen duties, inmates mentored in the institution’s Fife and Drum restaurant based on methods from the Culinary Institute of America by its head chef Eddie Jacobs. When the program started in 1983, the objective was to educate participants in the preparation of economical meals but since then has evolved into popular and even fine dining cuisine. Furthermore, according to the program’s managers, participation in the program provides participants practical and commercial skills that have stable demand and daily applications. The program has had achieved success both from the perspective of prison administrators and inmates. According to the former, the programs do not only engage significantly the interest of participating inmates but has also been enhancing the responsiveness and participation of non-participating inmates in existing programs. Terris also relates insights from participating inmate Idris Forde: Forde believes that his in working in the Fife according to â€Å"real world† scenarios reinforces the value of work as well as their role in the operation of an enterprise and in turn, their ability to become productive and benefits not only the Northeastern Correctional Center but also all other stakeholders of the institution. Evaluation According to Currie (185-187), studies of repeat offenders, return to criminal behavior is inversely related to the level of social integration and productivity upon reentry to society. Thus, establishment of programs enhancing inmates’ competency, productivity and social participation have the potential of decreasing the risks of recidivism. This opinion is also supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse. Their research indicated that the use of social reinforcement, whether in the form of social exclusion, direct support or mentoring and competencies or skills development, decreases susceptibility to criminal behavior by increasing the personal and social risks of re-incarceration. There is no doubt that there has been greater realization of the role of correctional facilities in rehabilitation, which in contemporary perspectives implies successful reintegration and limiting recidivism. However, it should also be noted that undertaking such a program has also significant challenges. In the case of the Northeastern Correctional Center, their relatively small population and their prison classification, allow for better margins for such programs. In the case of high-risk facilities which may be in lockdown except for a few hours a day, implementing the program is unlikely. Furthermore, the availability of instructors or mentors for the programs is also a consideration. Moreover, prison programs and objectives have to be evaluated if they are consistent with such perspectives. Otherwise, such penal reforms can not be effectively applied or implemented as an operational directive for correctional institutions. Recommendations One of the first tasks to establish the significance of the success of the Fife program is to compare its level of success to similar programs in other correctional or rehabilitation facilities. A range to determine the degree of effectiveness has to also be established to map the competency or effectiveness of the programs. The next task is to identify the common components or strategies of the best programs which can then be utilized to compose requirements for programs that are to be developed. Regardless of the content, there should be sensitivity towards the constraints of implementation based on prison population, modality of offenses and psychiatric evaluation. Ironically, there should also be realization that despite the level of input or statistical relevance of programs outlines or requirements, there is still a need for frequent sensitivity analyses to accommodate the variety of stakeholders and degree public concern afforded such initiatives. In conclusion, despite the level of success that the Northeastern Correctional Center has achieved in its kitchen program, there is still a need to evaluate its long term effectiveness and level application efficiency to determine the critical components for wider application and implementation.

Facts And History About The Peacock English Language Essay

Facts And History About The Peacock English Language Essay Peacocks belong to the pheasant family, Phasianidae. There are three species, or types, of peacock-the blue (or Indian) peacock, the green (or Javanese) peacock, and the Congo peacock. The only peacocks that have trains of tail feathers are the males of the blue and green types. Peacocks usually live in lowland forests. At night they sleep in trees. The blue peacock comes from southern Asia, while the green peacock comes from southeastern Asia. The Congo peacock is found in central Africa. In both the blue and green types, the males body is about 35 to 50 inches (90 to 130 centimeters) long. Its train of metallic green tail feathers is about 60 inches (150 centimeters) long. Each tail feather has a shining spot at the end of the feather that looks like an eye. A crest, or tuft of feathers, tops the males head. The peahen of both these species is green and brown. It is almost as big as the male. Male blue and green peacocks put on a showy display when trying to attract mates. The peacock lifts its train and spreads it like a fan. It then struts about and shakes its train, making the feathers shimmer and rustle. The Congo peacock is mainly blue and green. Its tail is short and rounded. The peahen is reddish and green. Source: Peacock. (2011). In Britannica Junior Encyclopedia. Retrieved January  22, 2011, from Britannica Online for Kids: http://kids.britannica.com/ elementary/ article-9353606/Peacock Green Invaders April 18, 2008 Green invaders are taking over America. Nope, not invaders from space. Plants. You might not think of plants as dangerous, but in this case they are threatening natures delicate food web. The invaders are plants from other countries brought here to make gardens and yards look pretty.   Ever since people started to arrive on Americas shores, theyve carried along trees, flowers, and vegetables from other places. Now there are so many of those plants, they are crowding out the native plants that have lived here since before human settlers arrived. And thats a problem, says Dr. Doug Tallamy. Hes an entomologist (an insect expert) at the University of Delaware. He explains that almost all the plant-eating insects in the United States-90% of them-are specialized. That means they eat only certain plants. Monarch butterfly caterpillars, for example, dine on milkweed. If people cut down milkweed and replace it with another plant, the butterflies will not have the food source that they need to survive. But the trouble doesnt stop there, it goes right across the food web. When insects cant get the right plants to eat and they die off, then the birds dont have enough bugs for their meals. Tallamy points out that almost all migrating birds depend on insects to feed their young. We cannot let the plants and animals around us disappear, says Tallamy. The way to preserve them is to give them food to eat. But when we plant non-native plants, we are clobbering the food web, because then we dont have the insects the birds need to live. Fewer of the right plants mean fewer bugs, and fewer bugs mean fewer birds. And thats bad for the Earth, because we need a variety of living things to keep the planet healthy and beautiful. The good news is, gardeners everywhere are working hard to protect native plants and get rid of the invaders. Many local garden centers sell native plants. Just Google native plants and your location, and you can find out which plants really belong where you live, says Tallamy. Planting the right things makes a real difference, and fast. He describes planting milkweed in a tiny city courtyard about the size of a living room one spring. By summertime, that milkweed patch had produced 50 new monarch butterflies! Tallamy encourages kids to go out and plant native plants. Adopt a bird species in trouble and see if you cant plant some things that will attract the insects they need, he suggests. It will happen-insects move around a lot, and they will find the plants you put out there for them! Text by Catherine Clarke Fox Fox, C. (2008). Green invader. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from national geographic kids: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com /kids /stories/animalsnature/ Chomp! Meat-Eating Plants March 14, 2007 I want people to get passionate about plants, says Lisa Van Cleef about a new exhibit at the San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers. Everybody gets excited about the zoo and animals, but once you start looking at plants you find they have a lot going on, too! Especially the carnivores, or meat eaters, that use the sneakiest of tricks to trap their insect dinners. Take bladderworts, for example. They appear so small and delicate growing in a quiet pond. But these are the fastest-known killers of the plant kingdom, able to suck in unsuspecting mosquito larvae in 1/50 of a second using a trap door! Once the trap door closes on the victim, digestive enzymes similar to those in the human stomach slowly consume the insect. When dinner is over, the plant ejects the remains and is ready to trap again. Carnivorous plants grow in places with soil that doesnt offer much food value. You and I could take a vitamin pill, says Van Cleef. But these amazing plants have had to evolve over thousands of years, developing insect traps to get their nutritional needs met. Just look at all theyve done in the fight to survive.   The traps can be well-disguised to fool the eye, like pitcher plants, which get their name because they look like beautiful pitchers full of nectar. The Asian pitcher plant, for example, has a brightly colored rim and an enticing half-closed lid. Curious insects are tempted to come close and take a sip, then slide down the slippery slope to their deaths. Hair-like growths along the pitcher walls ensure that nothing can scramble out, and the digestive enzymes can get to work. A tiny insect called a midge might be digested in a few hours, but a fly takes a couple of days. Some of these pitchers are large enough to hold two gallons (7.5 liters). Carnivorous plants only eat people in science fiction movies, but once in a while a small lizard, rodent, or bird will discover that a pitcher plant isnt a good place to get a drink. Other plants have found different ways to grab a bite. Sundewsand butterworts snag snacks with flypaper-like stickiness, while the Venus flytrap snaps shut on its victims. Carnivorous plants grow mostly in wet areas, from sea level to the mountains. They may seem exotic, but if you live in the United States, you dont have to travel to faraway lands to see some. North America has more carnivorous plant genera than any other continent. If you cant travel to the exhibit in San Francisco, check out a carnivorous plant guidebook from your local library, and you may discover some growing in your neck of the woods! Fox, C. (2007). Chomp! meat-eating plants. Retrieved January 22, 2011, from national geographic kids: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com/kids/ stories/ animalsnature/meat-eating-plants/ Basic Rule All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation. Authors names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work for up to and including seven authors. If the work has more than seven authors, list the first six authors and then use ellipses after the sixth authors name. After the ellipses, list the last authors name of the work. Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last name of the first author of each work. If you have more than one article by the same author, single-author references or multiple-author references with the exact same authors in the exact same order are listed in order by the year of publication, starting with the earliest. When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article, or Web page, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word. Capitalize all major words in journal titles. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections. Please note: While the APA manual provides many examples of how to cite common types of sources, it does not provide rules on how to cite all types of sources. Therefore, if you have a source that APA does not include, APA suggests that you find the example that is most similar to your source and use that format. For more information, see page 193 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, sixth edition. In-Text Citations: Author/Authors Summary: APA (American Psychological Association) is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, second printing. Contributors:Elizabeth Angeli, Jodi Wagner, Elena Lawrick, Kristen Moore, Michael Anderson, Lars Soderlund, Allen Brizee, Russell Keck Last Edited: 2010-11-16 02:10:54 APA style has a series of important rules on using author names as part of the author-date system. There are additional rules for citing indirect sources, electronic sources, and sources without page numbers. Citing an Author or Authors A Work by Two Authors: Name both authors in the signal phrase or in the parentheses each time you cite the work. Use the word and between the authors names within the text and use the ampersand in the parentheses. Research by Wegener and Petty (1994) supports (Wegener Petty, 1994) A Work by Three to Five Authors: List all the authors in the signal phrase or in parentheses the first time you cite the source. (Kernis, Cornell, Sun, Berry, Harlow, 1993) In subsequent citations, only use the first authors last name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses. (Kernis et al., 1993) In et al., et should not be followed by a period. Six or More Authors: Use the first authors name followed by et al. in the signal phrase or in parentheses. Harris et al. (2001) argued (Harris et al., 2001) Unknown Author: If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized or underlined; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks. A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers (Using APA, 2001). Note: In the rare case the Anonymous is used for the author, treat it as the authors name (Anonymous, 2001). In the reference list, use the name Anonymous as the author. Organization as an Author: If the author is an organization or a government agency, mention the organization in the signal phrase or in the parenthetical citation the first time you cite the source. According to the American Psychological Association (2000), If the organization has a well-known abbreviation, include the abbreviation in brackets the first time the source is cited and then use only the abbreviation in later citations. First citation: (Mothers Against Drunk Driving [MADD], 2000) Second citation: (MADD, 2000) Two or More Works in the Same Parentheses: When your parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them the same way they appear in the reference list, separated by a semi-colon. (Berndt, 2002; Harlow, 1983) Authors With the Same Last Name: To prevent confusion, use first initials with the last names. (E. Johnson, 2001; L. Johnson, 1998) Two or More Works by the Same Author in the Same Year: If you have two sources by the same author in the same year, use lower-case letters (a, b, c) with the year to order the entries in the reference list. Use the lower-case letters with the year in the in-text citation. Research by Berndt (1981a) illustrated that Introductions, Prefaces, Forewords, and Afterwords: When citing an Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterwords in-text, cite the appropriate author and year as usual. (Funk Kolln, 1992) Personal Communication: For interviews, letters, e-mails, and other person-to-person communication, cite the communicators name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication. Do not include personal communication in the reference list. (E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001). A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002). Citing Indirect Sources If you use a source that was cited in another source, name the original source in your signal phrase. List the secondary source in your reference list and include the secondary source in the parentheses. Johnson argued that(as cited in Smith, 2003, p. 102). Note:When citing material in parentheses, set off the citation with a comma, as above. Electronic Sources If possible, cite an electronic document the same as any other document by using the author-date style. Kenneth (2000) explained Unknown Author and Unknown Date: If no author or date is given, use the title in your signal phrase or the first word or two of the title in the parentheses and use the abbreviation n.d. (for no date). Another study of students and research decisions discovered that students succeeded with tutoring (Tutoring and APA, n.d.). Sources Without Page Numbers When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. When an electronic document has numbered paragraphs, use the  ¶ symbol, or the abbreviation para. followed by the paragraph number (Hall, 2001,  ¶ 5) or (Hall, 2001, para. 5). If the paragraphs are not numbered and the document includes headings, provide the appropriate heading and specify the paragraph under that heading. Note that in some electronic sources, like Web pages, people can use the Find function in their browser to locate any passages you cite. According to Smith (1997), (Mind over Matter section, para. 6). Note: Never use the page numbers of Web pages you print out; different computers print Web pages with different pagination.

Counselling and psychotherapy

Counselling and psychotherapy The objective of the final assessment was to video a short counselling session, and then to write a reflective essay critiquing the session in light of the particular counselling method selected. The logistics of the interview were made difficult by a recent move to a country area, where I did not have access to recording equipment, a DVD burner, or classmates willing to volunteer to act as the client. After a few technical difficulties, I was able to record a session using a webcam. It was then that I found that I was unable to burn the file to a disc, and after looking through the entire town for a business that would burn it to disc, finally transferred the file to a memory stick to be posted. Approach The chosen approach was person-centred counselling, where the client is at the centre of the method, unlike some other forms of counselling where technique is more pronounced. The approach, founded by Carl Rogers in the 1940s, has also been called non-directive which also emphasises that the counsellor is not giving advice and directions, but rather a format where the client can look at and consider their own feelings and options. Rogers also focused on the present rather than the past, as opposed to the Freudian approach, as well as a closer focus on feelings. In addition, Rogers used the term client rather that patient, to highlight the fact that the person being treated was taking responsibility for their own selves, rather than being reliant on the counsellor. In the person-centred approach, it is the client who ultimately makes all decisions, looks at alternatives, and takes responsibility and ownership of their own lives and choices. Dryden Mytton (1999) identify three important areas in person-centred counselling. The first is creating an environment in which the client can freely express their emotions. Approval and understanding from the counsellor towards the client is stressed. The outlook of the counsellor is also important, and the counsellor must trust the client to be able to cope with their problems, and undertake change and development. The counsellor is there to provide support and empathy, and unconditional positive regard. The counsellors own feelings and world-view must also be taken into account there must be congruence between the counsellor and client there need to be a genuineness of emotion, with the counsellor being really there in the moment of the session. The theory behind the person-centred approach puts forward that as long as there is unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding and congruence, all the core conditions for theraputic improvement or problem solving are met, and positive change will occur. As I counsellor using a person-centred approach, I would be trying to establish the core conditions, and be non-directive. Using this approach I do not try to cause anything to happen, or prevent any thing from happening, it is the client who does the real work. One of the better analogies Ive heard to describe this approach is it is the counsellors job to hold up a mirror for the client we need to comb our hair, and can do an okay job without the mirror, but unusually there are spots we cannot see without the assistance of the mirror, and maybe can do a better job if we can view our hair from a different angle. It may take some extra time, and we may have to hold the mirror just so to catch that awkward angle, but we can see so much more, hopefully in a more sympathetic and kinder light. Evaluation Trini agreed to not only record the session on her webcam, but to be the client as well. This was appreciated, especially as the only from of counselling that Trini is familiar with is either around the kitchen table with family, or with an ordained minister. When asked as to what subject she would like to discuss, that would not to substantial or in-depth, Trini requested that we discuss baby names, as it is only a few weeks until the birth of her next child, and a decision was still to be made about names. The setting was chosen to more due to the location of the webcam, as much as for privacy and fewer distractions from noise outside or children. There was not much choice in seating, but it was comfortable for Trini, who has reached quite an uncomfortable stage in her pregnancy is not able to sit for too long in any one position. In addition to the physical environment, I tried noticeably tune in to improve communication as described by Egan (2007; 71). The acronym SOLER is used by Egan to sum up these key skills: I tried to establish and keep eye contact as much as possible, although I found this harder when taking notes of names for Trini. I think I will need a bit of practice to get to the point where taking notes is not a distraction for both myself and the client. Throughout the session I tried to always facing Trini, maintain eye contact as much as possible, stay calm and relaxed, lean forwards without being too overt; more of an incline of the head rather than the entire body. Throughout the session I tried to encourage Trini to do most of the talking, ask as many open questions as possible, and pay attention to what the client way saying and how it was said, and listen without expressing criticism or judgment. The session was also very brief, partly due to it being an assessment rather than a normal session of fifty to ninety minutes, besides Trini being unable to sit comfortable for any length of time. After becoming used to longer practice sessions in class, if felt very strange to take such a short time. Because of time constraints, information about privacy and confidentiality was provided prior to the session. No sensitive matters were discussed, but it was still important for Trini to know how the recorded information would be treated and stored. I started the session with thanks and what would you like to talk about, which I prefer due to its simplicity and directness. Improvement for future The physical location of the session could definitely been improved, but there was little that could be changed due to technical restraints. Counsellor Challenges The line between talking too much and talking too little. Fight the need to jump in, to talk, to fill in the gaps sometimes silence is just fine. Burnout trying to do much, insufficient supervision and support Taking breaks, and not doing too much. Personal and professional development. Develop more effective techniques learn more about different problems. Learn more about specific problems effecting people living in remote or rural communities. In such a small community, being extremely vigilant concerning privacy and confidentiality, offering alternatives where needed. Personal and professional implications I have to have sufficient and specific training to address different kinds of issues that present in rural communities I dont want to try to treat problems outside my range of experience. I need to be able to listen to the client, and hear the changes that they want to make and their goals for therapy it is not about me. I need to be able to clearly communicate how I can help the client solve for themselves whatever problem or concern they have. I cannot make any promises or guarantees, but I can walk with the client as they go through the problem solving or decision making process. I need to continue to be non-judgmental of any clients life choices, behaviour, or the problems that they face. I need to be able to keep up-to-date with any changes in legislation and policy to be able to provide accurate information about client rights, confidentiality and informed consent, and appropriate duty of care towards my clients. I need to find a balance in my own work life, incorporating adequate supervision and continued education. If I am not able to deal with my own emotional issues, feelings and what is happening in my life, I will not be able to efficiently help others to cope with their own problems and emotional issues. References Bolton, R. (1986) People Skills: How to Assert Yourself, Listen to Others and Resolve Conflict. New York: Prentice-Hall. Brammer, L.M. and MacDonald, G. (1996) The Helping Relationship, Process and Skills 6th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Burnard, P. (1999) Counselling Skills for Health Professionals 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Stanley Thorne. Dryden, W. and Mytton, J. (1999) Four Approaches to Counselling and Psychotherapy. London: Routledge. Egan, E. (2007) The Skilled Helper: A Problem Management and Opportunity Development Approach to Helping 8th ed. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Heaton, J.A. (1988) Building Basic Therapeutic Skills. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Underdeveloped Countries and the War on Drugs Essay -- Drugs Third Wor

Underdeveloped Countries and the War on Drugs With the presidential election peering around the corner, it is time to bring back an age-old topic which has been troubling United States citizens for decades, the War on Drugs. Politicians have long quarreled over what sort of action should be taken to combat the world’s drug problems, and it is time that this issue surfaces again. Despite increased efforts from every government faction imaginable, the drug problem subsists, if not worsens. The market for cops and criminals in the drug war fields has not made any noticeable progress within the last 20 years (Kapczynski). Perhaps with the turn of the tide and hopefully a change of administration, the United States can develop a method that will enable them to make progress in this war, if it is not too late. Whoever assumes the presidential office for this next term will have to directly confront the sterility of the United States’ anti-drug programs. The United States needs to stop the War on Drugs and devote the annual twenty billion dollars to the countries that are being plagued with the drug problems so that they can work towards economic stability, which will potentially solve the drug traffic problems. To argue this, first it must be understood that the War on Drugs has failed and that the even the legalization of drugs is not going to help enough. Then it must be presented that the United States’ current efforts in Third-World countries are doing more harm than good and that we can fix this problem first by aiding the Third-World countries and not by destroying their economic structure. This issue is of greater importance now than ever before because we are losing the War. Despite the decrease in hectares from... ...ore reason that we should not continue this futile effort to stop the drug trafficking. We are doing more harm than good; I say it’s time to do more good. Works Cited Abramsky, Sasha. â€Å"The Drug War Goes Up In Smoke.† Nation Vol. 277: 25-29. â€Å"Drug Policy Project Director Calls War on Drugs a Failure.† Finance Customwire, 8 April 2004. Isacson, Adam. â€Å"Optimism, Pessimism, and Terrorism: The United States and Colombia in 2003.† Brown Journal of World Affairs Vol. 10: 245-256. Kapczynski, Amy. â€Å"Waging War With Drugs.† Index on Censorship Jan 2004: 76-81. â€Å"Reviving the War on Drugs.† New Straits Times 25 Jan. 2004. Whitford, Andrew B., Yates, Jeff. â€Å"Policy Signals and Executive Governance: Presidential Rhetoric in the War on Drugs.† Journal of Politics Nov 2003: 995-1013. Wolfe, Daniel. â€Å"Condemned to Death.† Nation 26 April 2004: 14-21.

Government Should Establish Program To Reduce Juvenile Crime :: essays research papers

Government Should Establish Program To Reduce Juvenile Crime   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Juvenile crime is increasing rapidly and is a problem that plagues America. The murder rate by 18 year olds has increased 467% since 1965! The current policy maintained for the last number of decades is clearly not effective. An increase of 207% in the number of murder cases committed by 15 year olds from 1985 to 1993 is not a sign that current policy is effective. Changes must be made. The best way to address the problem is through government funded preventative programs. The affirmative intends to prove, and stands resolved, that the federal government should establish a program to substantially reduce juvenile crime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This, by definition, means that the federal government would benefit the country by taking action and making government programs that will decrease the number of crimes committed by minors. Contention I: The status quo is only harming the people of the united states by remaining. Subpoint A: It has become clear that the state and local governments have failed in correcting the nation wide epidemic of juvenile crime, since juvenile crime rates are rising so rapidly. Subpoint 1:An example of an ineffective state plan is that many states are attempting to incarcerate juveniles along with adults. Putting juvenile offenders in with adults increases their chances offending again when they are released by 65%. Subpoint 2: SHOCAP, a local crime reduction plan, was shut down because it was ineffective. Subpoint B: Local plans are too diverse and lack uniformity. Subpoint 1: A plan that can lift up the entire country are far superior to those that can only effect small parts.. Iowa may indeed have smaller problems than New York but Juvenile crime exists everywhere. Subpoint 2:In the hands of the federal government, a more effective, tax worthy and moral shaping plan can be spread throughout the entire united states and benefit the country as a whole. Utilizing this information from the faults and few successes of the states, will help correctly fund and perfect an active plan which will indeed begin to substantially reduce juvenile crime, before it happens...through the methods of prevention.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The plan that we the affirmative propose is one that institutes a combination of different preventative programs which the federal government will entirely set up, fund, and work with these community efforts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Plank I: This preventative program will be funded through the organization of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention program, a federal agency which consists of 17 separate groups involved in delinquency prevention. They are equipped with 144 million dollars with which they can assist the communities to create these life saving programs.

Music Lyrics Essay

The lyrics of a song define everything about it. Sometimes, the musical score and the tunes playing in the background can dominate the lyrics. Therefore, the listeners tend to pay less attention to the lyrics. How a particular song is worded can make or mar the meaning of what it means to its target audience. Today, we have censor boards and authorities who rate movies and let the hoi polloi know what category of movies are fine for kids, families and adults to watch. This demarcation becomes very tough and cumbersome when we take the lyrics of a song into account. Songs take almost no effort to make and they just need a person’s good voice and a rhythm to be set to music. However, sound judgment is the prerogative of the person who writes the lyrics and the singer who breathes life into the song. If we could vote and get a few well-known names in the music industry who are already established to form an official council for judging the lyrics of all these songs, that would be an excellent idea. The panel must include musicians, singers and directors who are open to all kinds of music and any kind of language used, but at the same time can be trusted to exercise some degree of control when it comes to the lyrics of the songs given to them for their approval or their rejection, as the case may be. They need not necessarily be from the upper echelon of the society. They need to be rational individuals who like music and understand where they need to draw the line when it comes to the songs being heard by children, adolescents, etc. To sum it up, we must allow some degree of freedom and be a little lenient to promote creativity and talent among the masses and for the masses. Who can be the best judge should be left to the people to choose from their icons. References M. William Krasilovsky, Sidney Shemel, John M. Gross, Jonathan Feinstein (1997): This business of music: the definitive guide to the music industry

Statistics in Business

Statistics is a way of gathering, analyzing, interpreting and presenting data so that it becomes more meaningful. It helps convert raw data into useful information. Statistics is therefore a collection of information. Statistics can be presented in graphical form to make it more appealing and easily understandable by the users. Statistics can be descriptive or inferential. Descriptive statistics have to do with methods in a data set that utilizes numerical and graphical to look for patterns to summarize the information revealed in a data set, and to present the information in a convenient form. The four elements of descriptive statistical problems are the population or sample of interest, one or more variables (characteristics of the populations or sample units) that are to be investigated, Tables, graphs, numerical summary tools, and the identification of patterns in the data. Also there are Inferential statistics that utilizes sample data to make estimates, decisions, predictions, or other generalizations about a larger set of data. There are 5 elements of inferential statistical problems: The population of interest, one or more variables (characteristics of the population units) that are to be investigated, the sample of population units, the inference about the population based on information contained in the sample, and a measure of reliability for the inference. When it comes to the role of statistics in business decision making it is applied in many ways in terms of consumer preferences or even financial trends. For example, managers across any type of business unit formulate problems, they decide on a question relating to the problem and then form a statistical formulation of the question is used to determine answers to all of the above. An example of a business question may be how many calls are answered on average in a call center and how can we increase the numbers of calls answered per hour. Another example may be how we can increase the number of accounts.

All Souls: A Family Story From Southie Essay

A national bestseller, All Souls: A Family Story From Southie (Beacon Press, September 1999), won an American Book Award and a New England Literary Lights Award, as well as the Myers Outstanding Book Award administered by the Myers Center for the Study of Bigotry and Human Rights in North America. With All Souls MacDonald writes a gripping memoir about his life growing up in the Old Colony housing projects in South Boston, a predominantly white Irish Catholic neighborhood. He writes about the crime, drugs and violence in his neighborhood in the years following Boston’s busing riots, and of his brothers and sisters, many of whom fell prey to drugs, crime, and suicide. The book introduces his mother, Helen King (Ma), a feisty woman who raised her ten children while living in the projects. (An eleventh child died in infancy.) Additionally, the book often mentions Whitey Bulger, a gangster and FBI informant in Southie, who brought the drug trade into the neighborhood, contributing to the deaths of hundreds of young people due to suicides, murders, and overdoses. Despite all that is bad, MacDonald writes about how proud and loyal the residents were to be from Southie, excluding MacDonald himself who admits in the book he told those he met that he was from Dorchester and how some of the best elements of the neighborhood have been wiped out along with the worst due to gentrification. Michael Patrick MacDonald (born March 9, 1966) is an Irish-American[1] activist against crime and violence and author of his memoir, All Souls: A Family Story From Southie. Since being involved in activism, he helped to start Boston’s gun-buyback program, founded the South Boston Vigil Group, which works with survivor families and young people in Boston’s anti-violence movement. MacDonald was the recipient of the 1999 Daily Points of Light Award,which honors those who connect Americans through community service. Michael had been awarded an Anne Cox Chambers Fellowship at the MacDowell Colony, a Bellagio Center Fellowship through the Rockefeller Foundation, and residencies at Blue Mountain Center and Djerassi Artist Residency Program. He currently lives in Brooklyn, New York, and devotes all of his time to writing and public speaking on topics ranging from â€Å"Race and Class in America† to â€Å"Trauma, Healing, and Social Change.† MacDonald is Writer in Residence at Northeastern University in Boston.

Animation

Research Hameed Khan Topic: Animation: A way of introducing literature and moral values to children at adolescence by comparing William Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’ and ‘The Lion King’ Animation Long Term Paper on ‘Preparing a Research Proposal ’ Title: Animation: A way of introducing literature and moral values to children at adolescence by comparing William Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’ and ‘The Lion King’ Animation . There is no doubt that today's entertainment has lost most of its touch with the more classical influences of its predecessors.However, in mid-1994, Walt Disney Pictures released what could arguably be the best animated feature of all time in The Lion King. With a moral base unlike most of the movies released at the time, The Lion King placed a children's facade on a very serious story of responsibility and revenge. However, this theme is one of the oldest in history, and it is not the least apparent in one of the oldest works of literature by The Bard himself, William Shakespeare.The work that Disney's The Lion King parallels is none other than Hamlet: Prince of Denmark and the film shadows this work so closely, that parallels between the main characters themselves are wildly apparent. This very close comparison has led critics â€Å"to compare the movie to Hamlet in the importance of its themes†. But with a closer inspection of the characters themselves do we see just how apparent these similarities are.The movie addresses in one way or another all of the important contemporary dilemmas: bravery, responsibility, vulnerability, preparedness, stewardship, faith, science, the importance of history, family and the environment. In these days of personal uncertainty and political cynicism, The Lion King provides clear moral guidance wrapped up in an entertaining and wholesome shell. Introduction: In The Lion King, the role of the young prince whose father is murdered is played by a cub named Simba, whose naivety procures him more than his fair share of hardships and troubles.By the acts in the story alone, one can see that Simba is a direct representation of Shakespeare's Hamlet Jr. , but not only that, each of them shares similar actions in the play. Interpretations if Simba's actions are as profound as Hamlet's, particularly of why Hamlet delayed in exacting vengeance for his father's death (Harrison 236). Both Simba and Hamlet Jr. â€Å"delay† their action of retribution for their respective father's deaths. The loss of their paternal companion leaves Hamlet incredibly melancholy and Simba without a royal teacher and father during his tender years.Each of them runs from their responsibility, although inside themselves they know what must be done: Hamlet attempts to validate his suspicions while Simba hides from his past. However, some have attempted to theorize that Hamlet's delay is due to his mental instability, his madness over the death of h is father. Eliot refutes this, calling the characterization â€Å"a simple ruse, and to the end, we may assume, understood as a ruse to the audience† .Simba exhibits this same behavior, venting his feelings in mournful retaliation against responsibility, most notably when his childhood friend Nala attempts to persuade him to return to the Pride Lands. This delay between our characters adds a more haunting effect between the two works. It's surprising that today's audiences can be so moved by themes that were first implemented in literature almost four hundred years before. Similarly, the characters of Hamlet Sr. and Mufasa bear a striking resemblance to one another, not only in their actions, but their meanings as well.Hamlet Sr. , the once king of Denmark, ruled his kingdom in peace and prosperity, evident in the conversations in Act I, Scene I between Marcellus and Horatio about the creations of implements of war in Denmark under the new king, Claudius. Mufasa, too, ruled p eacefully over the Pride Lands, only worrying about his son and his responsibilities. But, after their deaths, they each become more than the kings they once were. They become the heralds for their sons, compelling them to avenge their deaths and take responsibility for what their uncles have done. Each deceased king pproaches his son in the same way: via an apparition that gives a direct, if not opaque, monologue driving their princes to action and each ghost leaves the interpretation of their messages open to their sons. Neither Hamlet Sr. nor Mufasa tell their respective sons directly to destroy their murderers, although Hamlet Sr. does name the perpetrator directly, it is Hamlet that decides that action must be taken. It is this direct allusion of one major character with an integral part in advancing the work to another that helps solidify Shakespeare's influence as a writer of great literature.But it isn't just the protagonists that allude to one another; the villains in both The Lion King and Hamlet can be directly and similarly compared to one another. Both Scar, from The Lion King and Claudius, from Hamlet, are brothers of the king, murder their sibling to usurp the throne, and take their brother's wife as their queen (There is no direct proof of this conjecture for Scar, but since Scar calls upon Sarabi, the former mate of King Mufasa, in The Lion King to report on the status of the Pride Lands, it stands to reason that she is Queen of Pride Rock. . It is not so much the characterizations of the characters in this instance than the actions that provide proof of how Shakespearean literature invokes writers today. Claudius, at first, appears satisfied by his deeds, enjoying the life of a king, parading around to view his belongings, wedding his own brother's wife, and holding banquets in his own honor, all the while preparing for war with a neighboring Scandinavian country.Scar revels in his ill-gotten spoils as well, allowing his hyannic henchmen to h unt the Pride Lands to practical defoliation while he reclines in the pride's cave, tormenting his majordomo Zazu and eating more than his fair share of the kills. Scar, like Claudius, grossly exploits his new-found power and drives his kingdom into war. But here is where the similarity begins to diverge. In Hamlet, we see Claudius repenting for his sins against his brother, repealing the fact that he committed that heinous deed and begging forgiveness from his Lord.Scar, on the other hand, never once doubts his actions, and goes with them to their final conclusion. Scar even goes as far as to taunt the prince, Simba, has he hangs of the precipice of Pride Rock: â€Å"And now here's my little secret. I killed Mufasa! † One could argue that the act of confessing to the crimes is an additional parallel between the characters, but their motives for doing so are not alike. Claudius is making an attempt to repent for the sin cast upon his soul, while Scar is bawdily declaring his cleverness over his kind-hearted yet naive brother.With the major characters in both works aside, the similarities between secondary characters in The Lion King and Hamlet are still quite striking. The insight of one work in another is so deep that The Lion King goes as far to allude Hamlet's Rosencrantz and Guildenstern with Timon and Pumbaa. A comparison here, if not the greatest comparison, is the fact that both pairs of characters in both works are provided as relief from the main focus of the stories.Timon and Pumbaa provide a welcome resort from his responsibilities and hauntings of his past by introducing him to the carefree life of â€Å"Hakuna Matata†, while Rosencrantz and Guildenstern allow the audience to know that Prince Hamlet does enjoy a life outside of the royal house, mingling with fellow scholars-to-be and friends. However, Hamlet's friends are charged by his nemesis, Claudius, to bring Hamlet before the King on numerous occasions. There is no direct eviden ce that Timon and Pumbaa are in the employment of Scar, nevertheless, the sidekick pair in The Lion King provide a very similar function, whether they realize it or not.Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are a constant reminder to Hamlet about the revenge that must be exacted upon Claudius by being messengers to the mournful prince whenever Claudius needs them to be. By locating Hamlet and announcing that the king wishes to have court with him, they play an important role in the foreward progress of the play, and the downward spiral of Hamlet's sadness. Timon and Pumbaa, similarly, at one time attempt to procure their leonine friend's past from his memory. Simba falters, at first, his carefree life shattered by the memories of what brought him to the jungle in the first place.But when he finally gives in and tells them when his own father entrusted him too, Timon and Pumbaa laugh uproariously, disbelieving what they hear. But it is this jogging of Simba's memory at the prodding of Timon a nd Pumbaa that moves the story onward, and brings Simba's melancholy back to him. And when the past finally becomes fully clear to Timon and Pumbaa with the arrival of the lioness Nala, they not only attempt to bring Simba to his senses in their own blunt, of not comical, way, they attempt to confront him and make him face his past.They fail in this, but they still bring to Simba's mind the events in his childhood, and the pain that it brought to him. Although Timon and Pumbaa had no intention of doing so, they performed the same act of reminding the main character of their responsibility to their father, and to their kingdoms that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern did to Hamlet Jr. Another secondary character to the protagonist and antagonist are the respective queens of each work, Sarabi from The Lion King and Gertrude from Hamlet: Prince of Denmark.Each of them are nearly complete mirror images of one another, each having the same place in the social hierarchy, equal amounts of power over their kingdoms, and emotional ties to the main protagonists of the stories. Sarabi is the Queen of Pride Rock, leader of the lionesses since the reign of King Mufasa. Although she is not the reason Scar usurped the throne from his brother, it is a near certainty that she has stayed on as Queen because she is quite adept at her duties. Gertrude, likewise, is adept at her duties as well, although they take on a quite different task than Sarabi.She is mainly for show, for Claudius to own and adorn with his newly gotten wealth. Both Sarabi and Gertrude are Queens, but both show little or no power over their subjects. Sarabi is nearly killed by Scar when she dares to question one of his decisions, which shows the place of the lionesses in the pride: pawns in Scar's quest for power. Any deviation from being simple huntresses results in pain, and perhaps death at the paws of Scar and his multitude of hyenas. Gertrude, too, never appears to order anyone, although she certainly has the capacity to do so.She instead plays the weakened queen, doing as her husband bids her and plaintively bending to Claudius's will. But even though these similarities are surprisingly close for non-primary characters, it is their emotional connection to their sons that spurns the stories along. Gertrude's marriage to Claudius enrages Hamlet to no end, driving him more and more out of his delay to act upon his father's death. It is her willing forgetfulness of her former husband that pushes Hamlet to the brink, their emotional bond that pains them both to ends that he must act on, and she tries deeply to hide.Sarabi, too, has such an effect on her son Simba. When Nala finds Simba, and realizes that he is not dead, as Scar had said, she is enthralled and wonders aloud about the feelings of his mother. This has a noticeable affect on Simba. He recoils, the responsibility that he believes is his is once again thrust upon him, and the thought of his mother's feelings towards his past deeds sends him further into sadness, furthering the story. And when Simba does return to Pride Rock, he is enraged when he sees how Scar is treating his mother, just as Hamlet is enraged at how Claudius treats his mother as well.In a way, it is the queen in each work that adds to the deep melancholy of the main characters and drives them to action. This movie both reflects and shapes our cultural consciousness about contemporary social and political change, speaking forcefully to the question of who should hold power and how people should acquire it. The movie reinforces hierarchy, especially primogeniture, in nearly all of its 26 scenes, either through what the characters say, how they are displayed, or both.The message presented at every turn is that we are better off with our traditional leadership, that those individuals are both wise and benevolent, protecting the health and welfare of all members of the group, even the most vulnerable. At the same time, the movie attacks those out side the traditional group of leaders who rise to power â€Å"illegitimately,† showing us how they are inherently unfit to hold positions of authority and can bring disaster down upon all of us.The Lion King, even though it is an American movie, does not promote what we might have come to think of as â€Å"American† values, those which support meritocracy and democracy. Finally, the movie reinforces the submissive and passive role of the citizen. At a time when we might consider democracy to be challenged, The Lion King doesn't make a strong case for inclusion, diversity and broader political participation. In fact, it does just the opposite, arguing essentially from an aristocratic position for the return to old-fashioned values and maintenance of the status quo.Purpose of Study: The main agenda behind doing this research is to highlight the fact that modern entertainment media is a very powerful source to teach literature and moral values to students when they are at a turning point in life. The time when they learn what life is all about. Although much of modern entertainment may look like new entertainment on the surface, if we probe deeply enough, we can find connections to some of the greatest literature of all time.Shakespeare is probably one of the most influential writers of all time, if not all time, and his greatest works, not limited to Hamlet: Prince of Denmark, are the basis of many stories written today. His plays are continuously redone and reperformed, his sonnets quoted in many a song and story, his histories the basis of many school lessons, and his influences are more than profound in many cases, and in the case of The Lion King, those influences are the basis of the story, not only of the main protagonist and antagonist, but of secondary characters as well.All these Dramas, Poetry and Stories do impart Value education to children in many ways. I intend to research on to what extent does entertainment is of any use in teaching literature to students looking forward to take literature as a subject for specialization and of be any use to keep the moral values of these students intact? Review of Literature: There has been research on comparison between literature and Animation earlier. But my research mainly deals with the factor that had been left untouched yet, that both Hamlet and The Lion King show similarities in plot and characterization.The cinematic adaptation appeals to the children as well as the adults. Whereas Hamlet only circles around literature students. Doing a complete analysis of the film adaptation gives us a detailed structure of what amount of principles and beliefs that influence the behavior and way of life of the future generation can be extracted from this modern media of value education through entertainment and detailed knowledge of how literature can be thought to students at pre-graduation level. * Hierarchy and LegitimacyScene 1 of the movie depicts all the animals on the Afric an savannah gathering to pay tribute to the new heir, Simba. The lyrics of â€Å"The Circle of Life† present life as overwhelming, explaining why we need our traditional leaders: â€Å"There's more to see than can ever be seen/More to do than can ever be done. . . . /It's the Circle of Life/And it moves us all/Through despair and hope/Through faith and love/Till we find our place/On the path unwinding. † One by one, the critical characters are introduced and their â€Å"places† are identified. Mufasa, the ajestic patriarch, watches from the point of Pride Rock while his loyal subjects gather below for the presentation of his new-born son. Zazu, the horn-bill, appears first and clarifies his role, first as the most-loyal subject by bowing low, and then as Mufasa's trusted advisor, allowing him unusual familiarity with the king, although he always refers to him as â€Å"sire. † While the assembled zebras part and bow down, making a path for Rafiki, the old shaman, he is embraced by Mufasa, treated with the deference and respect usually accorded a society's senior priests.His first action is to anoint the young Simba, to validate him as the heir apparent, and to present him to the crowd assembled below. As in many of the scenes in The Lion King, the music and visuals carry messages as important as the dialogue. In this first scene, for example, there is no conversation. Instead the message of class difference is conveyed through the different levels on which characters appear. Throughout the movie, those with power appear above those who are powerless; for example, the most powerful characters are usually up on ledges, and those who are vulnerable are down on the valley floor.Mufasa gazes down upon the mass of animals gathering below him; Pride Rock, his â€Å"throne,† is the highest point in the Pride Lands. Camera angle also tells us about power relationships, close-up for those in power, panoramas and long shots for the mass of undifferentiated animals who have no status. The change in the complexity of the musical arrangement, the drop from a full orchestral arrangement, in which there is little differentiation between instruments, to a instrumental solo as the scene moves from the group of subjects to the single important character, identifies to whom we should shift our attention.In this first scene, lest the youngest among us miss all these clues, Simba is highlighted by a sunbeam as Rafiki holds him up before the mass of animals, who then, cued by this natural sign of individuation, howl and stamp their feet in approval and bow down in a mass display of obeisance. The problems of hierarchy, legitimacy, and power are explored in Scene 2 in which Scar is introduced. His first line, and ironically the first piece of dialogue, may be thought of as a basic premise of the movie: â€Å"Life's not fair, is it? (Much of what currently upsets conservatives are attempts to achieve social, political and econo mic â€Å"fairness† by such legislative means as affirmative action, guaranteed health insurance, easier voter registration, the minimum wage, and a host of additional government regulations. ) The scene explores the sources of â€Å"unfairness:† differences in physical size or strength, differences in lineage or position, and differences in cleverness or intelligence. Obviously, the mouse is vulnerable in this scene because he is small, but he is saved by a Zazu whose power derives initially from his ability to distract Scar.When Zazu is threatened in turn, he is rescued by Mufasa, who just orders Scar to drop the bird. Mufasa's authority comes from his position as king, which Scar questions by not attending Simba's presentation, but his power comes, according to Scar, from â€Å"Brute Strength. † Scar's power, by his own admission, derives from his â€Å"brains. † Some critics have argued that Scar's accent, tone of voice, appearance, movement and word choice (â€Å"curtsy,† â€Å"shallow end of the gene pool†) suggest that he is homosexual, and that his role as supreme villain attests to powerful strains of homophobia in our cultural consciousness.Those who have focused on these features of his characterization point out that Scar rises to power through unnatural means, including deceit and fratricide, and that his â€Å"administration† results in the near-destruction of the Pride Lands and the potential extinction or exile of all the animals. They also point to Zazu's sympathetic comment to Mufasa that â€Å"there's one in every family,† and lambaste his (albeit mocking) suggestion that Scar be reduced to a useless ornament (â€Å"a handsome throw rug†) which would permit Mufasa to â€Å"take him out and beat him . . . henever he gets dirty. † Some viewers have argued that this interpretation resides â€Å"in the eye of the beholder† and not â€Å"in the movie,† but cultura l critics would point out that texts reflect as well as shape our cultural consciousness and can invoke an audience as well as address one already identified. Adding another dimension to the question of legitimacy, it is curious that although they are brothers, Mufasa speaks with an American accent and Scar's is clearly identifiable as British (hence â€Å"illegitimate† or â€Å"foreign† in contemporary American society). The Role of Nature Scene 3 follows to remind us that Simba is the legitimate heir by virtue of his class and lineage, that he has been presented to his subjects and then anointed in a public ceremony, with the event now recorded for posterity in a cave painting (the movie's version of a public record or historical document). What follows (in Scene 4) is another argument for hierarchy and patriarchy, this time derived from nature.In this father-son encounter (Sarabi recedes into the background here; women clearly are secondary yet numerous, generally u nnamed, and lacking influence in this culture), Mufasa explains how what they â€Å"own† is defined and measured by natural processes (â€Å"Everything the light touches is our kingdom. † â€Å"A king's time as ruler rises and falls like the sun. â€Å"). Just as we can infer from Scene 2 that illegitimate power is unnatural, so we learn here that legitimate power is organic, harmonious, predictable and regular, attuned with the natural order of birth and death and based on respect for all species.The succession, to occur in some distant future, is already determined, and in this father-son colloquy, Mufasa emphasizes the orderliness of it all. The movie makes use of our cultural knowledge of nature. There are numerous references to being higher or lower on the food chain, and selection of animals and their characterizations make use of the actual qualities of the animals. The warthog, for example, is an ugly African pig that usually travels in small family groups (m uch like the trio of Pumbaa, Timon and Simba). They are indiscriminate eaters and often use the burrows created by other animals.Hyenas, in addition to having a weird howl, are scavengers, feeding on the carrion left behind by other animals. Even the weather in this movie reflects what is going on in the plot: clouds stream across the sky when conflict threatens, the winds of change blow when the plot turns, and the sunrises and sunsets flash by in rapid succession to signal the passage of time. The movie also depends on our knowledge of human development, especially the behavior of the young. The jaunty â€Å"I Just Can't Wait to Be King† (Scene 7) shows just how immature and incomplete the young Simba's understanding of the responsibilities of leadership is.To him, preparation for kingship is limited to â€Å"brushing up on looking down† and â€Å"working on his ROAR,† and the primary benefits of the job are being able to ignore orders from others, being free to â€Å"run around all day† and â€Å"do it all his way. † Coupled with â€Å"Hakuna Matata† (Scene 14), another bouncy carpe diem number that emphasizes just how alienated from work and his adult responsibilities Simba has become as he drifts around the African plains with Pumbaa and Timon, we can see how unsuited Simba is for the role of king.Even Nala recognizes (in Scene 20) that the older Simba is somehow less mature than she expected he would be, and yet she falls in love with him anyway, restoring â€Å"the perfect harmony† alluded to in the lovely ballad, â€Å"Can You Feel the Love Tonight? † While a psychological interpretation of the movie would move through these scenes, showing how Simba eventually comes to take his leadership responsibilities more seriously, a cultural analysis finds them more problematic, for these are the songs we hum as we leave the theater and the lyrics we sing under our breath without thinking about the values they promote.The context may be ironic in the movie, but we forget that quickly enough. * The Importance of Borders In Scene 4, Mufasa carefully explains to his son that there is land beyond their authority, an area to the north that Simba calls â€Å"the shadowy place,† and one role of the king is to make sure the borders are not breached. The Pride Lands are economically healthy and ecologically sound in part because the scavenging hyenas (â€Å"those slobbering, mangy, stupid poachers†) are excluded, relegated to the colorless Elephant Graveyard where there is neither sufficient food nor water to sustain them.When they take over the Pride Lands in league with Scar, they destroy the â€Å"balance of nature† and the land withers; their presence nearly destroys the entire society. Some critics have suggested that selecting Whoopi Goldberg, Cheech Marin, and Jim Cummings as the voices of Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed, the three speaking hyenas, reflects a variety of rac ist and ethnic biases; Mark Leeper notes, â€Å"Outwardly the film has a love of African rhythms and language and yearns for a united world–everyone but hyenas united.But the core is just a bit ugly and scary. † The Pride Lands has, in effect, its own Proposition. While its borders are not impermeable, the hyenas are prevented from any role but that of scavenger. Perhaps Scene 10 (‘Be Prepared') presents the most troubling picture of the hyenas and their pact with Scar. Set in the hyena cave where it is dark and gray, the scene opens with Shenzi, Banzai, and Ed licking their wounds (both figuratively and literally) after Mufasa has saved Simba from their clutches in the Elephant Graveyard.They clearly are out of control: Ed is laughing hysterically and chewing on his own back leg, unaware that it is his own, and Banzai and Shenzi are castigating lions in general and boosting their own morale in the process. They are momentarily startled when Scar appears, but unl ike Mufasa, he presents no threat to them because he has no real power. Indeed, during this scene he reveals to the hyenas and to the viewers his general plan to kill Mufasa and Simba and assume the throne himself. The song's refrain â€Å"Be Prepared! ironically echoes the Boy Scout motto as hundreds of hyenas, singing â€Å"in tight, crisp phrasing and enunciation,† goose-step past in tight military formation, fires casting their eerie shadows against the walls of the cave and a crescent moon (looking at first like a hammer and sickle) appearing high above the cavern walls. Obviously Scar views the hyenas as â€Å"thick,† â€Å"crude and unspeakably plain,† with deficient â€Å"powers of retention† and â€Å"vacant expressions,† yet he promises them that if they support him in his efforts to wrest power from Mufasa, they will â€Å"never go hungry again. Scar has contempt for his accomplices, even while he enlists their aid. Contrasting these m iscreants with the wise, patient patriarch stacks the deck. * Religion Not surprisingly, The Lion King makes use of many religious images and echoes, affirming faith and folklore while rejecting science. Beginning with the baptism of Simba in the opening scene, the movie is full of familiar rituals. In Scene 9, for example, just after Mufasa has chastised Simba for disobeying him, he explains the mystery of the stars to his son: â€Å"The great kings of the past look down on us from those stars. . . Just remember that those kings will always be there to guide you. And so will I. † Indeed, Simba repeats this explanation to Timon and Pumbaa at the end of Scene 16 (although Timon translates it into â€Å"You mean a bunch of royal dead guys are watching us? † and dismisses Simba's explanation in favor of his own, that the stars are fireflies â€Å"stuck up on that big bluish-black thing. â€Å"), although he is troubled by the memories of his father's promise. After Nala finds Simba and urges him to return to save the Pride from sure destruction, Simba bitterly addresses the stars and his father, â€Å"You said you'd always be there for me. This crisis of faith, in Scene 20, continues until Rafiki forces him to look in the pool where he sees the face of Mufasa emerge from the clouds. Mufasa says sadly, â€Å"Simba. You have forgotten me. † When Simba cries that he is not who he used to be, Mufasa admonishes him, â€Å"You are my son, the true king. † Finally, after Simba vanquishes Scar and the Pride Lands are consumed by fire and then cleansed by the rains, Mufasa appears again in the heavens with a single word, â€Å"Remember. In fact, Simba has become the savior, restoring the Pride Lands and saving the lives of the animals. Even Christianity seems to support the restoration of â€Å"The Circle of Life. † * Conclusion Of course, this is not the way an allegory of the modern egalitarian and inclusive society should conclude . The story should end, as Scar implies it will in Scene 12, with the lions and hyenas coming together â€Å"in a great and glorious future,† one in which everyone has enough to eat, a role to play, and an equal say in the governance of the Pride.In the new society, the border between the Pride Lands and the Elephant Graveyard would disappear, the hyenas would be transformed into productive members of a global society, contributing their efforts in promoting the welfare of the whole group, and Scar would learn how to be a wise leader, making sure that no one was taxed beyond his or her ability or left needy. Future leaders would emerge from the Pride based on merit, not birth. Some readers will object to this analysis, arguing that The Lion King is a children's movie after all and shouldn't be interpreted as speaking to adult issues.But what is a children's movie, if not one that transmits the dominant values of the culture to young children in an entertaining manner, while a t the same time confirming those values for adults. This movie addresses an important social issue that affects children, in their schools, churches, parks and neighborhoods. Unfortunately, it suggests that excluding people because their appearance or their heritage or their habits differ from those of the people in power is an acceptable social and political policy, one supported by tradition, history, and religion.The Lion King sugar-coats a bitter and powerful message about patriarchy, legitimacy and hierarchy. Hypothesis: On the basis of this detailed analysis, my hypothesis is that The Lion King is a shadowed representation of Hamlet, taking what is presentable to the young minds but enough to interest students into literature. The conclusion I drew out of it is that entertainment is not mere enjoyment but a very powerful and effective media to spread the teachings of literature among the young minds of future. Methodology:My research method will include a detailed study of Ham let text and the movie from every angle related to literature and its appeal to the audience, especially the novice level students of arts and literature. I will also concern this factor with the respective experts of both fields Literature and Cinema. Research Limitations: This study is limited by the study of a single literary text and a movie that resembles the similar plot, characters and moral values. A similar significant phenomenon can be observed in other works too but to study the comparison and representation in detail they have been excluded.Significance: As previously given this study will help the future development of literature learning and widen the scope of limited medium of learning. The study is limited to only a single comparison so as to keep the study in detailed spectrum. Tentative Chapterization: 1. Introduction: 2. Comparison between Plot and Characters: Tentative plan: The Lion King, though very much based on Hamlet, has many different elements that we can make comparisons with Shakespeare’s work. It begins with the birth of Simba, the young cub of the King, Mufasa. This introduces the importance of the natural cycle.As Mufasa says, â€Å"We are all connected in the great Circle of Life. † The death of one King leads to the rise of another. This is also what happens in Hamlet. Simba is born to be the successor of the King and he cannot deny his destined role. As a carefree cub, Simba â€Å"just can't wait to be king,† his attitude is quite different from Hamlet, who is also carefree in the beginning of the story, but does not want to be King. Similar to the plot in Hamlet, Mufasa’s spirit appears to Simba, and reminds him of his duty, and repeatedly tells Simba to â€Å"Remember† him when Simba runs away after thinking that he had caused the death of Mufasa.This is similar as in Hamlet, the Ghost of old Hamlet appears to him and asks his son to take revenge on Claudius. Also there is comparison betwe en secondary characters. 3. Detailed study of The Themes in the movie * Hierarchy and Legitimacy * The Role of Nature * The Importance of Borders 4. Influence of entertainment on Literature learners. Tentative Plan: A detailed study about how entertainment industry has influenced the younger generations and how it can help to expand the scope of learners of literature around the world. 5. CriticizingThere have been arguments that this kind of cultural analysis in fact, any close analysis at all ruins the entertainment value of the movie, forcing us to confront all kinds of unpleasant truths when we are expecting merely to be entertained. Granted that I see more layers of meaning every time I view the movie or listen to the music or read the script, but I still find the musical score stirring, the animations fanciful, and the antics of Timon and Pumbaa engaging. Just because we become aware of the multiple levels of meaning doesn't mean that we have to deny the aesthetic appeal of th is creation.Bibliography: Shakespeare, William. Hamlet: The New Variorum Edition. 2 vols. 1877. Ed. Horace Howard Furness. New York: Dover Publications, 2000. Shaw, George Bernard. â€Å"Shakespeare: A Standard Text. † Times Literary Supplement. 18 Mar. 1921. rpt. in Shaw on Theatre. Ed. E. J. West. New York: Hill and Wang, 1958. Rowse, A. L. , ed. Hamlet. 1978. By William Shakespeare. The Annotated Shakespeare. New York: Greenwich House, Crown Publishers, Inc. , 1988. Harrison, G. B, ed. â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. † Major British Writers.Harcourt, Brace, & World, Inc. : New York, 1959. Adams, Joseph Quincy. A Life of William Shakespeare. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1923. Asimov, Isaac. Asimov's Guide to Shakespeare. 2 vols. New Jersey: Random House Value Publishing, Inc. , 1970. Eliot, T. S. â€Å"Hamlet. † Elizabethan Essays. Haskell House: New York, 1964. Brandes, Georg. â€Å"The Classic Tendency of the Tragedy. † Willia m Shakespeare, A Critical Study. 1898. Frederick Ungar Publishing Co: 1963. Taymor, Julie. The Lion King: Pride Rock on Broadway. Hyperion: New York, 1997.