Cave Paintings, the Parietal Art of the Ancient World

Cavern Paintings, the Parietal Art of the Ancient World Cavern craftsmanship, additionally called parietal workmanship or cavern compositions, is a general term alluding to the embellishment of the dividers of rock safe houses and surrenders all through the world. The most popular destinations are in Upper Paleolithic Europe. There polychrome (multi-shaded) artistic creations made of charcoal and ochre, and other characteristic colors, were utilized to show wiped out creatures, people, and geometric shapes some 20,000-30,000 years prior. The motivation behind cavern workmanship, especially Upper Paleolithic cavern craftsmanship, is broadly discussed. Cavern workmanship is frequently connected with crafted by shamans-strict authorities who may have painted the dividers in memory of past or backing of future chasing trips. Cavern craftsmanship was once viewed as proof of an inventive blast, when the brains of antiquated people turned out to be completely evolved. Today, researchers accept that human advancement towards social innovation started in Africa and grew substantially more gradually. The Earliest and Oldest Cave Paintings The most established at this point dated cavern workmanship is from El Castillo Cave, in Spain. There, an assortment of imprints and creature drawings enlivened the roof of a cavern around 40,000 years prior. Another early cavern is Abri Castanet in France, around 37,000 years back; once more, its craft is constrained to impressions and creature drawings. The most seasoned of the exact artistic creations generally recognizable to devotees of rock craftsmanship is the genuinely terrific Chauvet Cave in France, direct-dated to between 30,000-32,000 years back. Craftsmanship in rock covers is known to have happened inside the previous 500 years in numerous pieces of the world, and there is some contention to be made that cutting edge spray painting is a continuation of that custom. Dating Upper Paleolithic Cave Sites One of the incredible debates in rock workmanship today is whether we have solid dates for when the extraordinary cavern canvases of Europe were finished. There are three current techniques for dating cavern works of art. Direct dating, in which traditional or AMS radiocarbon dates are taken on minuscule pieces of charcoal or other natural paints in the work of art itselfIndirect dating, in which radiocarbon dates are taken on charcoal from occupation layers inside the cavern that are by one way or another related with the artistic creation, for example, shade making instruments, convenient workmanship or fallen painted rooftop or divider squares are found in datable strataStylistic dating, in which researchers think about the pictures or methods utilized in a specific composition to others which have just been dated in another way Albeit direct dating is the most dependable, elaborate dating is the frequently utilized, in light of the fact that immediate dating decimates some piece of theâ painting and different strategies are just conceivable in uncommon events. Expressive changes in relic types have been utilized as sequential markers in seriation since the late nineteenth century; complex changes in rock workmanship are an outgrowth of that philosophical strategy. Until Chauvet, painting styles for the Upper Paleolithic were thought to mirror a long, slow development to intricacy, with specific subjects, styles and strategies appointed to the Gravettian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian time portions of the UP. Direct-Dated Sites in France As per von Petzinger and Nowell (2011 refered to underneath), there are 142 collapses France with divider works of art dated to the UP, yet just 10 have been immediate dated. Aurignacian (~45,000-29,000 BP), 9 aggregate: ChauvetGravettian (29,000-22,000 BP), 28 aggregate: Pech-Merle, Grotte Cosquer, Courgnac, Mayennes-SciencesSolutrian (22,000-18,000 BP), 33 aggregate: Grotte CosquerMagdalenian (17,000-11,000 BP), 87 aggregate: Cougnac, Niaux, Le Portel The issue with that (30,000 years of craftsmanship principally distinguished by present day western impression of style changes) was perceived by Paul Bahn among others during the 1990s, yet the issue was brought into sharp concentration by the immediate dating of Chauvet Cave. Chauvet, at 31,000 years of age an Aurignacian period cavern, has a perplexing style and subjects that are normally connected with a lot later periods. Either Chauvets dates aren't right, or the acknowledged complex changes should be adjusted. For the occasion, archeologists can't move totally away from expressive strategies, however they can retool the procedure. Doing so will be troublesome, in spite of the fact that von Pettinger and Nowell have proposed a beginning stage: to concentrate on picture subtleties inside the direct-dated gives in and extrapolate outward. Figuring out which picture subtleties to choose to distinguish complex contrasts might be a prickly undertaking, however except if and until nitty gritty direct-dating of cavern craftsmanship gets conceivable, it might be the most ideal route forward. Sources Bednarik RG. 2009. Regarding life, is there any point to it Paleolithic, that is the question. Rock Art Researchâ 26(2):165-177. Chauvet J-M, Deschamps EB, and Hillaire C. 1996. Chauvet Cave: The universes most established works of art, dating from around 31,000 BC. Minerva 7(4):17-22. Gonzlez JJA, and Behrmann RdB. 2007. C14 et style: Laâ chronologieâ deâ l’artâ pariã ©tal  l’heure actuelle. LAnthropologie 111(4):435-466. doi:j.anthro.2007.07.001 Henry-Gambier D, Beauval C, Airvaux J, Aujoulat N, Baratin JF, and Buisson-Catil J. 2007. New primate remains related with Gravettian parietal craftsmanship (Les Garennes, Vilhonneur, France). Journal of Human Evolutionâ 53(6):747-750. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.07.003 Leroi-Gourhan An, and Champion S. 1982. The first light of European workmanship: a prologue to Paleolithic cavern painting. New York: Cambridge University Press. Mã ©lard N, Pigeaud R, Primault J, and Rodet J. 2010. Gravettian canvas and related movement at Le Moulin de . Antiquity 84(325):666â€680.Laguenay (Lissac-sur-Couze, Corrã ¨ze) Moro Abadã ­a O. 2006. Art, specialties and Paleolithic art. Journal of Social Archeology 6(1):119â€141. Moro Abadã ­a O, and Morales MRG. 2007. Considering style in the post-elaborate time: remaking the expressive setting of Chauvet. Oxford Journal of Archaeologyâ 26(2):109-125. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2007.00276.x Pettitt PB. 2008. Craftsmanship and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic change in Europe: Comments on the archeological contentions for an early Upper Paleolithic relic of the Grotte Chauvet art. Journal of Human Evolutionâ 55(5):908-917. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.003 Pettitt, Paul. Dating European Paleolithic Cave Art: Progress, Prospects, Problems. Diary of Archeological Method and Theory, Alistair Pike, Volume 14, Issue 1, SpringerLink, February 10, 2007. Sauvet G, Layton R, Lenssen-Erz T, Taã §on P, and Wlodarczyk A. 2009. Thinking with Animals in Upper Paleolithic Rock Art. Cambridge Archeological Journalâ 19(03):319-336. doi:10.1017/S0959774309000511 von Petzinger G, and Nowell A. 2011. A inquiry of style: reexamining the expressive way to deal with dating Paleolithic parietal craftsmanship in France. Antiquity 85(330):1165-1183.

Wondrous Strange :: Character Analysis, Kelley Winslow

Life is the condition that recognizes creatures and plants from inorganic issue, including the limit with regards to development, proliferation, utilitarian movement, and constant change going before death. â€Å"It is accepted that in life nobody can change your bliss however you; in this way, you have the ability to transform anything about yourself or your life that you need to change† (de Angelis, Barbra). The battles that the principle character, Kelley Winslow, faces firmly influences herself, just as drives the plot for the explanation that she battles with the choices she makes, she experiences physical hardships just as mental that permits her to in the end discover her personality. A few people may state that an individual has not gotten themselves; in any case, you don't get yourself. Individuals make ones self. During the way toward making ones self, you need to realize what you dread, and what you can't live without. Kelley realizes what she fears, and who she wouldn't like to lose. â€Å"†¦fear of losing him, distress of what he has just gambled for her† (Livingston 274). In the novel Kelley discovers that she is embraced. â€Å"Emma†¦ Was I†¦ adopted† (Livingston 222). In continuation to this, Kelley gains from her auntie, Emma, that she is received. She likewise inclines progressively about where she originated from, who her introduction to the world guardians are, and about faerie history. This demonstrates Kelley needs to find out about where she originated from, which prompts making her own personality. So as to make herself, Kelley has to find out about her legacy. She likewise realizes what she loves, and doesn't care for and what she needs to do with her life. â€Å"Kelley was stunned. She longed for this†¦ This is it. This is my enormous break!† (Livingston 5), â€Å"Kelley was a Faerie princess. In insubordination of the Faerie lord, she had taken up her predetermination on her footing (Livingston 316-317). This shows she acknowledges herself, notwithstanding picking up her objectives. Kelley Winslow goes experienced a colossal turn of events, and excursion in getting herself, even through the numerous obstructions she faces. Choice is a psychological procedure you direct to bring about a creation of a choice of a decision. Kelley Winslow had settled on different choices for an incredible duration, which had an effect on her attributes. Kelley says, â€Å"Hey! Do you need assistance? (Livingston 32).

Paper to Write On For Accounting Jobs

Paper to Write On For Accounting JobsThere are many jobs and opportunities available in the accounting profession that requires the need to have a paper to write on. The responsibilities of a registered public accountant, for example, involves a paper to write on that consists of being able to understand and properly interpret various tax documents. Each state has its own set of laws governing the way business is conducted and the reports that must be prepared.Private sector accountants usually need to learn about state regulations, obtain licensing, and prepare books of accounts for clients. In a small business, one has a lot of time to think about what kind of documents to prepare. On the other hand, when dealing with large businesses, you will want to be able to prepare detailed and accurate financial records that will prove your authenticity and professionalism. In this article, we will discuss some of the common accounting jobs that are associated with the paper to write on.Book keeper- While there are a lot of people who think of the role of bookkeepers as a mundane task, there are many other people who enjoy working with it. It is a necessary part of the accounting firm. A bookkeeper writes down every single financial transaction made by the firm. He/she can also add up expenses that have not been properly included in the budget.Accountant- All the accounting entries have to be written down and recorded by the accountant. This person must ensure that all the records are accurate and complete. In case an accountant is not well trained, his/her job can become very tedious.Auditor- Another essential person in an accounting firm is the auditor. He/she has to check the financial records against the previous year's accounts. His job is to make sure that there is nothing missing or incorrect and that all the transactions are up to date.Financial analyst- When preparing a comprehensive report, an accountant needs to do more than write down the data that has been entered. He/she must study the data carefully and make sure that it has a logical flow. An analyst can analyze the data for errors or discrepancies and make sure that the entire set of financial records is accurate.Business lawyer- In many business firms, the head of the firm is required to provide legal opinions for all employees. If they are not qualified to perform this task, they will need the help of a business lawyer. In this case, the book to write on is the book that the business lawyer has to write.These are some of the typical papers that need to be completed by any accountant. There are other, more specialized papers that need to be researched and prepared. However, since these are the basic ones, there should not be much difficulty finding one.

Self Help Literature By Sandra K Dolby - 2345 Words

The aim of this research is to explore selected self-help literature, mostly aimed towards the young male demographic, and how they approach and they effect ideas around masculinity. Over the past ten to fifteen years self-help movements, programs and more notably books have become increasingly popular. Although this research isn’t aimed exclusively to compare and contrast women’s and men’s self-help literature, the comparisons that may arise throughout this essay may have the capacity to be illuminating. This project will examine just how self-help literature, mostly targeted towards men, effect ideas around masculinity and why this matters and is relevant. Firstly, to maintain continuity, accuracy, and the integrity of my findings we must first outline what defines literature as â€Å"self-help†. Sandra K Dolby writes self-help texts are texts â€Å"offering advice and reflection on topics as diverse as how to achieve physiological well-being, how to be effective yet serene in the workplace, why the laws of physics are part of God’s plan, how to get along with your mate or with nasty bosses, how to reduce stress and eat and exercise for optimal health, how to save the plane, why to save the planet.†(2005) another quote explains â€Å"Self-help literature is an extremely popular genre which can be found in abundance at any bookstore in Western society. Figures indicate that Americans spent $563 million on self-help books in 2000 (Paul, 2001, p. 60).† Also â€Å"many people use self-help

corporate communication strategy of an organisation(...

Executive Summary Corporate organisation strategy differentiates between macro or corporations, micro or business-units, enterprise as well as their function and active strategies which are depended on identity, culture, strategy and product. With reference to the above, each corporation or business-unit operates at different levels and structure but to achieve the organisational goal, their communication strategic processes must be coherent and consistence. The concept of corporate communication strategy as a functional strategy has provided focal point and direction to the corporate communication function. As a functional strategy used to develop communication plans and implementations, it showcases the relevant of its function to the†¦show more content†¦This demand became a turning point in public relation practice that visualises themselves earlier as an in- house journalist or press a gentry but globalisation has made it to become more of a corporate communication practitioner (Grunig Hunt, 1984). Collins Montgomery (1998) defines corporate strategy as an independent possibility established by an organisation for easy creation of value and a planned coordination of its multi-market activities. Drucker (1954) alleged that many organisations have their corporate strategy which is seen as a forecast of where the organisation intends to be positioned in the future with a planned decision on what they need to do to achieve the vision than thinking on how it will be done. The use of corporate communication to describe the Public Relations practitioner has recently gained an acceptance among scholars and practitioners (Groenewald, 1998:58). Moreover, the term could be used interchangeably to showcase that the function of Public Relation or corporate communication involves both internal and external communications of an organisation (Steyn, 1999). Cornelissen (2011) observed that corporate communication apart from coordinating all the interactions that goes on both within and outside the organisation, it also involve establishing and maintaining constructive reputations with stakeholder groups upon which the organisation isShow MoreRelatedOrganisation Study of Acc Cement14377 Words   |  58 Pagesindustry and its trends. 2. To prepare the organisation profile of ACC. 3. To gain the practical knowledge of the industry. 4. To comprehend the manufacturing process and HRD activities of ACC Plant. 5. To explore marketing process of ACC cements and to highlight the financial performance of ACC. 6. To study various types of business goals forecasting the future cements marketing facts conditions and other parameters etc., of a organisation. 7. To suggest remedial measures in the lightRead MoreThe Internationalisation Process Of Emerging Market Multinationals7790 Words   |  32 Pagesemerged as high profile multinationals increasingly engaged in foreign expansion especially across the region. Such firms for examples include MTN, First Bank of Nigeria, Eco bank of Senegal, Dangote, ShopRite, Equity Group holdings, Globalcom, SABMiller of South Africa, InterSwitch and Computer Warehouse Group to mention a few. These multinationals are emerging across different sectors, taking advantage of their home country business environment to internationalise (Initiative for Global DevelopmentRead MoreFactors Influencing The International Expansion Of Nigerian Banks6650 Words   |  27 Pagesinternationalisation theories and Nigeria present an opportunity for such research. However, Nigerian firms have increasing become a source of, inward foreign direct investment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Such firms include Dangote Cement Industrie s, InterSwitch, Computer Warehouse group, Globalcom and several banks. Specifically, research on the motivation and patterns of the internationalisation of SSA firms, will bring understanding to heterogeneous characteristics of these multinationals and the determinantRead MoreBusiness and Small Scale Industries9686 Words   |  39 Pagesis part of the Nigerian history. Evidence abound in the communities of what successes our great grand parents, made of their respective trading concerns, yam barns, cottage industries, and the likes. The secret behind the success of a self reliant strategy does not lie in any particular political philosophy, so much as the people’s attitude to enterprise and in the right incentive is adequate enough to make risk worthy businesses a necessity for the nation. There had been many policy actions by the

Permanent Solution For Temporary Problems - 1418 Words

Savannah Thornton Mrs. Bowman English 201 April 27, 2016 Permanent Solution for Temporary Problems With suicide being the 3rd leading cause of death among young teens, it is vital that we educate ourselves and others on the warning signs and risk facts because the more information obtained contributes to preventing suicidal thoughts and attempts. Close your eyes and imagine twelve children ages nine to twelve, now imagine each one committing suicide either by cutting, strangling, suffocating, firearm, jumping, or overdosing on pills. Horrible image! Right? That is how many children a day commit suicide, that is 575,00 per year. Eighty-one percent of suicides are males (Statistic Brain). Mark Gregston from â€Å"Parenting Today’s†¦show more content†¦It is important to recognize at least two of more of these warning signs as indications of depression or having suicidal thoughts(Teen Suicide Us). There are many stressors that contribute to committing suicide; anxiety and hopelessness. It is important that we make ourselves aware of these actions. Indications leading to suicide: ï  ¶ Actually saying: â€Å"I do not want to live anymore†, â€Å"I just want to kill myself† ï  ¶ Verbal hints: â€Å"If you can not find me† or â€Å" I want be a bother to you much longer† ï  ¶ Giving or throwing away valuable or personal possessions ï  ¶ Shows signs of extreme cheerfulness and periods of extreme depression ï  ¶ Rambles about bizarre thoughts ï  ¶ Creates some type of suicidal letter Another awareness that goes hand in hand with warning signs is risk factors, characteristic that show a person is considering to attempt suicide. Listed below are the main risk factors.(The Jason Foundation Inc./risk factors) ïÆ'Ëœ Depression, Mental Illness, and Substance Abuse: Mental or addictive disorders are associated with 90% of

Coming of Age Essay free essay sample

Evaluate the social constructs that have brought about similarities and differences between you and your interviewees, drawing conclusions about the influence of power and authority, gender and technology, continuity and change. There are a variety of social constructs that have brought about similarities and differences between the attitudes of society today and various societies and cultures in the 1970’s/1980’s. Through a series of interviews with people who ‘came of age’ in the 80’s, combined with secondary research, the aspects of continuity and change became apparent, particularly when discussing influences of power, authority, gender and technology. Power is the ability to influence the actions or points of view of other people. There are aspects of power have remained unchanged for young people since the 1980’s. The influence of parents is a defining factor according to both interviewees. One of my interviewees talked about how the main reason she wanted to achieve high marks academically, was because her mother never got the opportunity for tertiary education. Parents also hold the power to influence the religious beliefs of their children. My first interviewee was raised with Christian beliefs and values, however her views changed as she got older. My other interviewee was also raised with strong Catholic beliefs, which she has continued to value to this day and has consequently raised her children with these beliefs. My parents definitely have the power to influence how I behave. I know what they expect of me and that there will be consequences if I disobey them. They have had a strong influence on my personal religious beliefs. Most youth in society today choose their religious affinities, regardless of parental influence. However, in most respects the power parents’ hold has continued over the past few decades. Influences from celebrities and public figures are another aspect of power that has not changed. During the late 1970s and 80’s Madonna, Michael Jackson, Bon Jovi and Lionel Richie were all big names in music. My interviewees both described Madonna to be one of the larger influences on society, setting fashion trends and new ways of thinking. Youth today are heavily influenced by the music they listen to. Artists and bands such as Eminem, Maroon 5, Taylor Swift and Beyonce have influenced language, fashion and social ideas. Currently, social media heavily influences teenagers. Social media informs you about world happenings, the lives of friends and social standards. There was no concept of social media in the time period during which my interviewees were growing up. One of my interviewees, who grew up in India, felt as though religious figures had power. Catholics in India were quite traditional at the time. Nuns ran catholic schools, and priests and bishops were very respected. Youth today are not significantly influenced by religious figures. I think that being Catholic, priests do have some influence over me, but certainly not as much as they had over Christian youth in the 80’s. The power that family and celebrities wield is as significant today as in the past, however, the influence of religion has waned. Authority is the legitimate exercise of power. Political ideology has the power to shape attitudes of an era. Over the past few decades, teenagers coming of age have been vaguely aware of political happenings but have not appreciated its relevance. According to my second interviewee, in India it was always assumed that politicians would be corrupt, so there was never any trust or respect towards them. Currently Indian attitudes towards politicians have not changed with the media hype about corruption in political circles. Being a teenager in Australia, I do not feel very concerned about politics. I am aware of some political happenings, but it does not interest me. In contrast, teachers then and now have authority over teenagers. Teachers are not as respected or feared now as they were previously. In the past teachers had the authority to use physical punishments against students, which are illegal now. Similar to power, some aspects of authority have changed while others have continued on. Gender refers to the differences between males and females. Gender roles were far more traditional during the 1980’s, however changes from the early 1900’s were certainly taking place. In most households the man worked while the woman stayed home and looked after the children. This was true for my first interviewee. It was the same for my second interviewee, however her father died when she was quite young, so her mother had to work. In my home, roles are traditional in some basic ways as my mum does most of the cooking, while dad does most of the gardening. Both interviewees described most other roles within their households being fairly equal between males and females. Currently, both my parents work full time, even though my mum stayed home when we were younger. In India in the 70s and 80’s, men were more respected than women. Being female, my second interviewee described how her mother was payed less than men and was not as respected as a working class woman is today. Expectations for interviewee 2 herself were not as high as her brothers. In sport, both my interviewees said that there were particular male and female sports. Netball was a definite girls sport, while there was no thought of girls playing sports such as touch football. Now, expectations for males and females in society are more equal. Although, there are separate male and female categories for competitions, both genders are able to partake in the same sports. Technological developments from the 80s to now are arguably the social aspect that has evolved the most. My interviewees both conveyed that they had basic TV’s in their house holds during their teenage years. They first got their TV’s around the ages of 7 and 10. Even after having televisions in their homes, both interviewees had very limited time allocated to watch it. I have had a television in my house since I was born, while TV use has always been quite liberal. Neither interviewee used a computer at all though their education. Research was done in the library from books, rather than the internet that we use now. There was no concept of mobile phones during my interviewee’s coming of age. My first interviewee had a landline in her house through most of her childhood, whereas my second interviewee did not even get a landline until she was in her teenage years. The Sony Walkman was described as being one of the most popular technologies when they were growing us. It is the iPods, iPhones and MP3 Players that are the most common music devices now. Typewriters were used in the 80’s, but they were not common with my interviewees. Printers are widely used today, with typewriters being close to extinct. For teenagers, coming of age today depends heavily on technology. Almost every teen today carries a smart phone in their pocket. Laptops are used in schools around the country, with smartboards being common educational tools. From social media, to texting our means of communication are heavily dependant on technology, which is very different to the 80’s. The developments in technology over the past 30 years have shaped how our society functions in the present day. There are definitely social aspects of society that have changed since my interviewee 1 was coming of age in Australia, to when I’m coming of age now. Back then it was far more accepted that you would be out all day and home late, without your parents worrying about you. Drugs at parties were more common, and young people acknowledged it as a natural thing to do. The average school day of my first interviewee does not differ drastically to mine. She talked about how she could never afford to do more than one after school activity, which makes me grateful for the number of opportunities I have received to partake in extra curricular activities. Academically, things taught in core subjects at school were similar, however we have a much wider choice in subjects now. Specifically accepted ‘rights of passage’ within society have not changed. The main rights of passage included turning 18, driving and voting. The expectations she had from her parents were not very different to mine. She was expected to try her best, however was always encouraged to do what she loved. There are many obvious changes that have occurred in Australian society over this period of time, however it is evident that are many areas where continuity is prevalent. The society and culture where my second interviewee grew up was very different to mine. We are both Catholic, however her experience with Christianity growing up was very different to mine. In Australia, Christians make up 60% of the population, making it a common, widely accepted religion. Growing up in India, Catholics were a minority group who made up just 3% of the population. They were never fully accepted as ‘proper’ Indians. Rights of passage in India during the 80’s included your 18th and 21st birthdays as you were accepted as adults. The transition from high school at the end of your 10 was a big thing. This parallels the ‘right of passage’ of completing high school as well as the sense of adulthood you receive when turning 18 in Australia. Corporal punishments were common in the1980’s India, a far cry from attitudes today. It was not uncommon for my interviewee’s mother to smack her as punishment. My second interviewee also expressed how teachers would commonly throw dusters at you or humiliate you in front of the class. Her family values were similar to mine. We were both brought up in Catholic homes, where you were taught to show respect to others. It is evident that societies and cultures evolve over time. Attitudes and values people have change, however many stay the same. Both continuity and change are displayed through the social constructs that make up societies.

Name ____________________________________________ Essays (603 words)

Name: _______________________________________________________ Date:_________________________________ . At the opening of the play, what are the plebeians celebrating? Octavius' victory over Brutus Caesar becoming King Caesar's marriage to Calpurnia Caesar's victory over Pompey The plebeians are: elected officials in the Roman senate relatives of Caesar the ruling class of Rome members of the lower classes "Beware the ides of March" is stated by whom? Cassius Calpurnia Brutus A soothsayer Who leads the conspiracy against Caesar? Brutus Antony Cinna Cassius Who states the following: " Accoutred as I was, I plunged in / And bade him follow; so indeed he did." Portia Brutus Antony Cassius Portia is the wife of whom? Cinna Caesar Flavius Brutus To convince Brutus to join him, what does the lead conspirator plant in his house? an eagle Senate documents outlining Caesar's betrayal a bloody knife an anonymous letter decrying Caesar's rule How many times does Caesar refuse the crown? twice once never three Who offers Caesar the crown? Cicero Casca Brutus Antony What happens to Caesar after refusing the crown? Calpurnia dies he becomes King the crowd runs him off he falls in the market place Who states the following: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." Caesar Brutus Cicero Antony When is the ides of March? March 31 March 14 March 1 March 15 Who states the following: "Tell me, good Brutus, can you see your face?" Caesar Portia Decius Cassius What almost keeps Caesar from attending Senate on the day of his death? Antony's warning Calpurnia's illness Decius' warning Calpurnia's bad dream What does Portia do to prove her strength to Brutus? Tells him she loves him Shows him the best way to deceive Caesar She does nothing She cuts herself The crowd is outraged and start an angry mob after Antony's speech. True False According to Brutus' speech, Caesar had to die because he was ambitious. True False Antony is given permission to speak at Caesar's funeral by the conspirators. True False Calpurnia wants Caesar to stay home because she had a bad dream. True False Et tu , Brute means "And you to, Brutus." True False Cassius tells all of the conspirators to bathe their hands in Caesar's blood. True False Cassius tells Antony he must not say anything bad about the conspirators. True False Brutus does not think Antony should speak at Caesar's funeral. True False Caesar reads Artemidorus's letter first. True False Portia is worried about Brutus because he talks with her daily. True False Brutus says there is no need to kill Antony because it would be like being a butcher. True False Brutus disagrees with taking an oath because he doesn't think it is right for honorable men to take an oath. True False Brutus thinks Caesar will abuse his power if he is crowned king. True False The soothsayer states "Beware the Ides of March." True False Lupercal is a Roman festival held on February 15 th . True False Choose one Essay and write a 5 paragraph essay on the following pages (25%)

Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln

Fun Fact: During the Civil War, telegraph wires were strung to follow the action on the battlefield. But there was no telegraph office in the White House, so Lincoln went across the street to the War Department to get the news. Fast Fact: Abhorring war, Abraham Lincoln accepted it as the only means to save the Union. Biography: Abraham Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it." Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy but four remained within the Union. The Civil War had begun. The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party's nomination for President, he sketched his life: "I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished familiessecond families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... removed from Kentucky to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all." Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois leg... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, from the backwoods of Hodgenville Kentucky, rose to become one of the greatest presidents of the United States. During his attempt to keep the Union in the Civil War, he gained more power and authority than any president before him. A excellent politician, Lincoln was always looked upon for leadership for he put reason and thoughtful decisions behind his word. Abraham Lincoln, born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hawks on February 12, 1809, was conceived in a log cabin built by his father. Abe had one older sister, and a younger brother that died as an infant. The Lincoln family moved a lot, from Kentucky to Indiana, and back to Kentucky. Abe read a book titled Mason Locke Weems's Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington, this book mad a lasting impression on him that persuaded him throughout his life. By the time he was nineteen Abe reached his full grown height of six feet four inches. He held small jobs such as a clerk, postmaster and a few others through his early twenties. Then in 1832 he ran for county candidate against 13 others. Only four were to be elected and Lincoln finished eighth. In '834 he ran for a representative to the Illinois legislature, by this time Lincoln was well known and he got the election. Abe began to study law, and in 1836 became a licensed attorney. In 1837 he made his first public stand against slavery, Lincoln avoided extreme abolitionist groups though he was greatly against slavery. On November 4, 1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd, whom he spent the rest of his life with. He became a United States Congressman, although he was an amateur, his goal was to make his mark. What might of made him fulfill this goal was the fact that he never lost confidence in himself. Years went by, and Abraham could not stand slavery any more, he was elected by the republican party to do something about it. On March 4, 1861, Lincoln was sworn in as preside... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln LINCOLN, Abraham, twenty-sixth president of the United States and sixteenth under the US Constitution, born in Hardin county, Kentucky, 12 February, 1809; died in Washington, D. C., 15 April, 1865. His earliest ancestor in America seems to have been Samuel Lincoln, of Norwich, England, who settled in Hingham, Mass., where he died, leaving a son, Mordecai, whose son of the same name removed to Monmouth, N. J., and thence to Berks County, Pa., dying there in 1735. He was a man of some property, which at his death was divided among his sons and daughters, one of whom, John Lincoln, having disposed of his land in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, established himself in Rockingham county, Va. The records of that county show that he was possessed of a valuable estate, which was divided among five sons, one of whom, named Abraham, emigrated to Kentucky about 1780. Abraham Lincoln left his father's house as soon as the farm was fenced and cleared, hired himself to a man named Denton Offutt, in Sangamon County, assisted him to build a flat-boat, accompanied him to New Orleans on a trading voyage, and returned with him to New Salem, in Menard county, where Offutt opened a store for the sale of general merchandise. Little was accomplished in this way, and Lincoln employed his too abundant leisure in constant reading and study. He learned during this time the elements of English grammar, and made a beginning in the study of surveying and the principles of law. But the next year an Indian war began, occasioned by the return of Black Hawk with his bands of Sacs and Foxes from Iowa to Illinois. Lincoln volunteered in a company raised in Sangamon county, and was immediately elected captain. His company was organized at Richland on 21 April, 1832; but his service in command of it was brief, for it was mustered out on 27 May. Lincoln immediately re-enlisted as a private, and served for several weeks in that capacity, being finally mustered out on 16 June,... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln Lincoln, Abraham (1809-65), 16th president of the United States (1861-65), who steered the Union to victory in the American Civil War and abolished slavery. Early Life Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, near Hodgenville, Kentucky, the son of Nancy Hanks and Thomas Lincoln, pioneer farmers. At the age of two he was taken by his parents to nearby Knob Creek and at eight to Spencer County, Indiana. The following year his mother died. In 1819 his father married Sarah Bush Johnston, a kindly widow, who soon gained the boy's affection. Lincoln grew up a tall, gangling youth, who could hold his own in physical contests and also showed great intellectual promise, although he had little formal education. In 1831, after moving with his family to Macon County, Illinois, he struck out on his own, taking cargo on a flatboat to New Orleans, Louisiana. He then returned to Illinois and settled in New Salem, a short-lived community on the Sangamon River, where he split rails and clerked in a store. He gained the respect of his fellow townspeople, including the so-called Clary Grove boys, who had challenged him to physical combat, and was elected captain of his company in the Black Hawk War (1832). Returning from the war, he began an unsuccessful venture in shopkeeping that ended when his partner died. In 1833 he was appointed postmaster but had to supplement his income with surveying and various other jobs. At the same time he began to study law. That he gradually paid off his and his deceased partner's debts firmly establish ed his reputation for honesty. The story of his romance with Ann Rutledge, a local young woman whom he knew briefly before her untimely death, is unsubstantiated. Illinois Politician and Lawyer Defeated in 1832 in a race for the state legislature, Lincoln was elected on the Whig ticket two years later and served in the lower house from 1834 to 1841. He quickly emerged as one of the leaders of the party and was ... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished familiessecond families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... removed from Kentucky to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all." Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois legislature, and rode the circuit of courts for many years. His law partner said of him, "His ambition was a little engine that knew no rest." He married Mary Todd, and they had four boys, only one of whom lived to maturity. In 1858 Lincoln ran against Stephen A. Douglas for Senator. He lost the election, but in debating with Douglas he gained a national reputation that won him the Republican nomination for President in 1860. As President, he built the Republican Party into a strong national organization. Further, he rallied most of the northern Democrats to the Union cause. On January 1, 1863, he issued the Emancipation Proclamation that declared forever free those slaves within the Confederacy. Lincoln never let the world forget that the Civil War involved an even larger issue. This he stated most movingly in dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg: "that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vainthat this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedomand that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Lincoln won re-election in 1864, as Union military triumphs heralded an end to the... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln On the stormy morning of Sunday, February 12, Nancy Hanks Lincoln, wife of Thomas, gave birth to a boy. He was born on a bed of poles covered with corn husks. The baby was named Abraham after his grandfather. In 1811 the Lincolns moved to a farm on Knob Creek which was also near Hodgenville. In 1811 or 1812, Abraham's younger brother, Thomas, died in infancy. Abraham spent a short amount of time in a log schoolhouse. He began to learn his ABC's from a teacher named Zachariah Riney. He attended school with his sister, Sarah. Late in 1816 the Lincoln family moved to southern Indiana and settled near present day Gentryville. A cabin was constructed near Little Pigeon Creek. It measured 16 X 18 feet, and it had one window. Abraham's mother, Nancy, passed away on October 5th, 1818, she died of milk sickness. In 1819, Abraham would barrow books from his neighbors to read. In 1821 Abraham attended school taught by James Swaney for about 4 months. Also in 1824 Abraham attended school taught by Azel Dorsey. In 1827 Abraham's sister, Sarah died giving birth to her son. In 1831, Lincoln decided to leave his family and go off on his own. In July he moved to New Salem, Illinois, where he boarded at Rutledge's tavern and became acquainted with the owner's daughter, Ann. New Salem was a frontier village consisting of one long street on a bluff over the Sangamon River. On August 6th, 1832 Lincoln was defeated while running for the Illinois State Legislature. Lincoln began to operate a general store in New Salem along with William F. Berry. Again, In 1834, Lincoln ran for the Illinois State Legislature, but this time he was elected. During the summer, John T. Stuart advised Lincoln to study law. On December 1 he took his seat in state government in Vandalia. In 1837 Lincoln, 28, was admitted to the Illinois Bar on March 1, and he moved to Springfield on April 15. He became a law partner of John Stuart and lived with Joshua Speed. Lincoln n... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln, from the backwoods of Hodgenville Kentucky, rose to become one of the greatest presidents of the United States. During his attempt to keep the Union in the Civil War, he gained more power and authority than any president before him. A excellent politician, Lincoln was always looked upon for leadership for he put reason and thoughtful decisions behind his word. Abraham Lincoln, born to Thomas Lincoln and Nancy Hawks on February 12, 1809, was conceived in a log cabin built by his father. Abe had one older sister, and a younger brother that died as an infant. The Lincoln family moved a lot, from Kentucky to Indiana, and back to Kentucky. Abe read a book titled Mason Locke Weems's Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington, this book mad a lasting impression on him that persuaded him throughout his life. By the time he was nineteen Abe reached his full grown height of six feet four inches. He held small jobs such as a clerk, postmaster and a few others through his early twenties. Then in 1832 he ran for county candidate against 13 others. Only four were to be elected and Lincoln finished eighth. In '834 he ran for a representative to the Illinois legislature, by this time Lincoln was well known and he got the election. Abe began to study law, and in 1836 became a licensed attorney. In 1837 he made his first public stand against slavery, Lincoln avoided extreme abolitionist groups though he was greatly against slavery. On November 4, 1842 Lincoln married Mary Todd, whom he spent the rest of his life with. He became a United States Congressman, although he was an amateur, his goal was to make his mark. What might of made him fulfill this goal was the fact that he never lost confidence in himself. Years went by, and Abraham could not stand slavery any more, he was elected by the republican party to do something about it. On March 4, 1861, Lincoln was sworn in as president of the United States of America at... Free Essays on Abraham Lincoln Fun Fact: During the Civil War, telegraph wires were strung to follow the action on the battlefield. But there was no telegraph office in the White House, so Lincoln went across the street to the War Department to get the news. Fast Fact: Abhorring war, Abraham Lincoln accepted it as the only means to save the Union. Biography: Abraham Lincoln warned the South in his Inaugural Address: "In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you.... You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to preserve, protect and defend it." Lincoln thought secession illegal, and was willing to use force to defend Federal law and the Union. When Confederate batteries fired on Fort Sumter and forced its surrender, he called on the states for 75,000 volunteers. Four more slave states joined the Confederacy but four remained within the Union. The Civil War had begun. The son of a Kentucky frontiersman, Lincoln had to struggle for a living and for learning. Five months before receiving his party's nomination for President, he sketched his life: "I was born Feb. 12, 1809, in Hardin County, Kentucky. My parents were both born in Virginia, of undistinguished familiessecond families, perhaps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks.... My father ... removed from Kentucky to ... Indiana, in my eighth year.... It was a wild region, with many bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew up.... Of course when I came of age I did not know much. Still somehow, I could read, write, and cipher ... but that was all." Lincoln made extraordinary efforts to attain knowledge while working on a farm, splitting rails for fences, and keeping store at New Salem, Illinois. He was a captain in the Black Hawk War, spent eight years in the Illinois leg...

BSBWOR501B Manage personal work priorities and professional Assignment

BSBWOR501B Manage personal work priorities and professional development - Assignment Example In addition, these officers also work together with other sales employees in an effort to improve the sales of the organization. Finally, a marketing officer obtains data and makes reports about the marketing strategies of the company. According to Marshall, (2013, p. 44), marketing officers must have adequate knowledge base, skills and experience in marketing for them to succeed in the field. The minimum education qualifications required for one to succeed in marketing is a bachelor’s degree in marketing. In addition, one must possess skills and experience such as skills in research, ability to do analysis and interpretation of information and skills in report writing. One should also have both written and oral communication skills. The marketing officer should have experience in teamwork and possess creative and innovative minds in order to come up with competitive marketing strategies. The personal goals were set based on the organization and team goals. This enables the marketing officer to maintain teamwork cooperation and also achieve the overall organization goals. The knowledge obtained from organization’s training on goal setting was used to set the objectives. In addition, policies of the organization provided direction in planning and achieving the goals in marketing. Finally, according to Mathur, (2006, p. 56), the personal experience and possession of strong power and skills in persuading people to accept things helps in achieving the goals especially increasing the sales volume. Another motivation for setting goals involves the need for personal performance management and the need to offer role modelling to others. This includes performance appraisal to determine achievement of marketing standards. The goals also help in guiding through the work of marketing to avoid wastage of time. The activities are carried out systematically, that is, allocating timeframe for each

Final exam Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Final exam Questions - Essay Example -Training and development of human resource: The analysis is used to examine the employees’ needs in training and development of processes. The variation between the actual and expected output influences the degree of training required by employees. It also enables in determination of training tools content, and equipment to be used in training and those training methods to be put to use. -Employee compensation management: job analysis plays a key role in determining payment packages, benefits, variable and fixed incentives and extra perks of employees.   These payments depend on the  responsibilities and duties, position and job titles involved in specific jobs.   Job design: The key purpose of analysis is development   in human recourse efforts and releasing the best output. It assists in designing, enriching, redesigning and adding or cutting back extra duties and responsibilities in a specific job. This ensures employee satisfaction  as well as increased human output In lateral career path, employees move to equivalent duties and responsibilities in an organization. This move is usually with a similar job title and salary range at a similar level. In this career path, the employee’s job responsibilities change hence affording the employees new chances. The company should notify all the interested and qualified workers through internal memos. The notification should include job title, description and relevant qualifications for each. It should also notify employees the method of applications, deadline of application and the dates of interviews. All the application letters should be checked and sorted. The application letters that meet the criteria of selection should be listed and applicants notified. The applicants who did not meet the criteria for selection should be notified politely. It eliminates those candidates that fail to qualify as per the criteria set by the organization. The candidate is

ASIC v Adler Essay Example for Free

ASIC v Adler Essay The case of ASIC v Adler is very unique as well as complicated since it involved several breach of duties in the Corporations Act 2001. The HIH collapse was caused by very bad corporate governance. Such breach of duties are, section 9 (director’s duties), section 180 (duty to act with care and diligence), section 181 (duty to act in good faith and for a proper purpose), section 182 (improper use of position), section 182(2) (business judgement rule), section 183 (duty not to improperly use information) and section 260A (financial assistance). All of these contraventions under the Corporations Act 2001 will be discussed in detail below. Section 9 – Who Is A Director And Their Duties Under section 9, a director of a company is defined as a person who is appointed to that position such as a director or alternate director, regardless of what name it is given to that position. Section 9 also includes certain people to be directors even though they are not properly appointed. Such people can act as a director even though without proper appointment of director position. This is where they act in the position of a director (which can be also known as de facto director) or the directors are used to act in accordance with the person’s instructions (which also known as a â€Å"shadow director†). Directors’ duties need to be existed in order to protect shareholders from the risks of directors giving harm towards the company. Shareholders basically have risks such as fraud, where the directors took control over the assets belonging to the company by using it for their personal interest, and mismanagement, whereby directors made an incompetent decision with the financial standing of the company. Furthermore, section 9 also defines the â€Å"officer of a corporation†, which basically includes company executives who held senior positions in the board  level. Such persons can be identified in certain situations where that person (the executives) makes or joins participation into making decisions in which affects the whole or substantial part of the company’s business activities or, the person who has the authority to affect in a significant way towards the company’s financial standings or, basically the same definition of a â€Å"shadow director† where the person are acting towards the instructions given to them to act. In the case of ASIC v Adler, the court held that Adler, the director of HIH, was also an officer of wholly-owned HIH subsidiary which can be related under the section 9 definition of directors. This applies to Adler even though he was not properly appointed as a director or an officer of the subsidiary. Since he has the role of director, the subsidiary holding company and also a member of HIH investment committee, this has showed that he participated in the decision making of the company’s business in which affected it the whole or substantial part of the business. As Santow J gave his judgement on this case, he gave a good summary of principles applicable to directors’ duties. Some of it are; a director must continuously kept informed of the activities of the company, they must be familiar with the fundamentals of the business whereby the company is doing. Section 180 – Duty To Act With Care And Diligence In the section 180(1), it provides that a director or other officer of a company need to exercise their powers and discharge their duties with a standard of care and diligence in which a reasonable person will do if they were the director or officer of a company due to company’s circumstances (section 180(1)(a)) and occupied the office and had the same responsibilities in the company as the director or officer (section 180(1)(b)). Executive directors are full time employees of the company who involved in the day-to-day management of the company. They have special responsibilities with their position and have a high knowledge of daily operations of the company. Non-executive directors, on the other hand, do part-time and have regular involvements in the company. In the case of ASIC v Adler, Williams who was the managing director for HIH and HIHC as well, contravened section 180(1) as he failed to ensure there were proper safeguard before HIHC gave the loan to PEE. Fodera, who was the finance director of HIH, contravened section 180 as he failed to discuss a proposal to give $10 million loan to PEE to the HIH board or its investment committee. As the executive directors of the company, both Fodera and Williams failed to carry out their role properly without informing the HIH board of their intention. Section 180 (2) – The Business Judgement Rule In the section of 180(2), the section provides that a director or any other officer who makes a business judgement rule, will not be held liable in respect of the judgement under the statutory, common law or equitable duties of care and diligence, in which all of the elements can be shown. Such elements are, the judgement was properly made in good faith and for proper purpose, there was not material personal interest in the subject as of the matter of the judgement, the directors and the officers informed themselves about the subject matter of the judgement to the extent they appropriately believed to be reasonable and also the judgement was believed to be in rational in the best interest of the whole company. All of these would be reasonably justified unless any other person in such position thinks that it is completely unreasonable. The business judgement rule basically gives the directors with a â€Å"safe protection† from a personal liability in the relation of the business judgements that they take are valid which is in a good faith and in the best interest of the company. This is because some of their business decisions may turn out to be profit-making or a total loss in honest and rational way. Some of the main reasons for the business judgement rule defences are risk taking and activities in entrepreneurial activities will be encouraged since directors are aware of the specific legislation that if they act honestly,  they will not be punished or personally liable as a result of adverse judicial review. Another rule defence is that better business judgement will be made as a result of removing of some uncertainty of liability under the statutory duty of care and finally, the shareholders interest are better provided by engaging risk taking activities. To make directors be liable for such small erro rs of decision will promote risk-adverse decision-making with contrast effect on the economy. If the directors or other officers are able to satisfy the above requirements, they will have â€Å"safe protection† which makes them to be protected from liability for any breach of their duties of care and diligence. This means that their business judgement in such situations will be reviewed by court. Under section 180(3), the business judgement is defined that any decisions to take or not to take action with respect to matter that is relevant to business activities of the company. This only refers to business decisions that has made relevant to the business activities. It does not include any decisions made in the position of directors powers such as the power to issue shares or pay dividends. By referring to the case ASIC v Adler, the court held that all three Adler, Williams and Fodera breached their statutory duty of care as stated in section 180(1). They also, however could not rely on the business judgement rule as their defence. Firstly for Adler, the business judgement rule did not applicable for him since he cannot satisfy the section 180(2)(b) since he had a conflict of interest in the relation of his decision to invest the $10 million payment from HIHC in PEE. Secondly for Williams, the business judgement rule did not apply to him because of his failed to ensure the correct safeguards were enforced was not business judgement for the purpose in section 180(3). However, even this was a business judgement, since he was a major shareholder of HIH, he basically has material personal interest as in the section 180(2)(b). Other than that, Williams also failed to present any evidence that his judgement was done in good faith for the proper purpose as stated in section 18 0(2)(a). Finally, Fodera cannot rely on his business judgement rule as he failed to refer the transaction of PEE to the HIH board or its investment committee. This was not a business judgement as  stated in section 180(3). Section 181 – Statutory Duty To Act In Good Faith And For A Proper Purpose Under section 181(1), it says that a director or other officer of a corporation to exercise their powers and discharge their duties in bona fide (good faith) for the best interest of the company and also for a proper purpose. The section 181(1) can be contravened if the director thinks that they are actually doing their duties for the best interest of the company in which any other director, in that situation, thinks that is clearly unacceptable approach to do it. This may be happen when a director have a conflict of interest personally with the interest of the company they are handling. In the case of ASIC v Adler, it can clearly be seen that Adler, had contravened the section 181(1) to act in good faith by properly excising his powers and discharging his duties for the best interest of the company. This is because, the transactions that occurred in the HIH, HIHC and PEE had been improperly used, for the sake of his personal interest. Section 182 – Improper Use Of Position Under section 182, the section states that it restricts officers or the employees of a company from improperly using their power to gain advantage for themselves or for any other persons to the company. In the case of ASIC v Adler, the court held that Adler had contravened the section 182 due to the arrangement of $10 million loan from HIHC to PEE which was then to be used to acquire HIH shares on the stock market. This transaction was merely done for the purpose of supporting the HIH shares to increase the price and thereby selling the HIH shares owned by Adler Corporation before PEE could sell off their HIH shares. Because of this transaction, PEE had incurred a total loss of investment by reselling on the HIH shares. In regard of this transaction, Adler was held that he had improperly used his position as a director of HIH, officer of HIHC and director of PEE to gain advantage for the Adler Corporation. The court also held that Williams, also had breached his duties as a director for both HIH and HIHC under section 182, to help gaining advantage for Adler Corporation. This is because Williams, used his position improperly by authorising the $10 million load payment without proper approval from the HIH’s investment committee, which he was required to disclose under the HIH’s investment guidelines. Other than that, the court also held that Adler improperly used his position as a director in the PEE transactions of acquiring a number of unlisted capitals at the cost price from Adler Corporation without obtaining independent valuations of these ventures. With these transactions successful, Adler and Adler Corporation was able to exclude himself from these commercially unviable business operations. Adler basically knew that each of those businesses were having major cash flow problems and each had a significant risk that they would ultimately collapse. Adler, however, failed to disclose his personal interest to the HIH board other than Williams and Fodera. Section 183 – Improper Use of Information As stated in section 183, a person who gets information because they are or are not director, officer or employee of a company, must not misuse the information just to gain advantage for themselves or to any other person whereby causing failure in the company. Section 183 also applies towards resigned or retired directors, officers and employees as well. Informations such as insider information can be taken as an advantage by any person in order to gain benefit by using it to themselves or by giving to other person. In the case of ASIC v Vizard, the court held that Vizard involved in the contravention of section 183, whereby he gained the insider information as he was the non-executive director of Telstra. He misused the information in order to gain advantage for CTI, Brigham and himself as well whereby based on the information that he receives (Telstra board’s decision to acquire  other company and selling their interest on another company), he would act accordingly to buy or sell off his shares ahead of Telstra. S260A – Financial Assistance In section 260A, the section states that it forbids a company financially assisting a person to obtain or acquire shares in the same company of its holding company. However, if some of the conditions are met then the company may proceed to do such transaction. Some of the conditions are, giving the financial assistance will not materially prejudice the interest of the company, its shareholders or the company’s ability to pay its creditors (under section 260A(1)(a)), the financial assistance is validated by the shareholders (under section 260B) or the financial assistance is relieved or exempted (under section 260C). Financial assistance is can be basically referred to where a company is lending money to a person to buy the company shares. This means that the company gives a certain amount of money to a person so that the person buys some of the company’s shares. Another example is where a company gives a surety or guaranteed a person’s loan in which the sum of the loan will be proceeded to buy shares in the company. The company is basically providing a loan to a person for the sake of buying back its own shares off the stock market. Another example is where the company is giving its own assets as a security to a person’s loan in which the loan money will be used to buy the shares of the company given its assets as security. The section 260A clearly states that a company is restricted from giving financial assistance to a person to buy its own shares in the stock market as it will cause material prejudice. By analysing the case of ASIC V Adler, it can be seen that Adler, who was controlling PEE, was clearly contravened the section of 260A by which giving financial assistance to PEE through HIHC, a subsdiary of HIH, which is also a company controlled by Adler. This financial assistance given to PEE, was then used to buy the HIH shares on the stock market. This transaction gives a false impression over the stock market as well as its investors that Adler was supporting the falling share  price of its company, HIH, by buying the shares personally. However, the court found out that Adler does not have the intention to make easy profit and reselling the HIH shares. The real purpose was to increase the HIH share price in benefit of Alder Corporation Limited as substantial shareholding in HIH. The actual evidence is that when PEE went to sell off the HIH shares, it was done only after Adler Corporation decided to sell off its HIH shares in which leads to total loss for PEE’s investment. The Supreme Court of New South Wales held that the main intention of the transaction was that HIHC gave PEE financial assistance in order to acquire the shares in HIH which is HIHC’s holding company. Due to this transaction, according to Santow J, both HIHC and HIH suffered material prejudice, which therefore, contravening section 260A.

My Life :: essays research papers

To be given the chance to play little league was one of the greatest times of my life. I played little league for four years, and every year I made the all-star team. My best friend and I played on every regular season team and every all-star team together. The final game of our career was unforgettable. It had been 4 years of great enjoyment with my best friend, Cody Smith. We always clowned around in practice, but when the game would start we had a high intensity. Cody would pitch, and I would play second base. When he wasn’t pitching, I would, and he would play third base. We were the top players in little league, or so we thought. Our all-star team had made it to the championship of our state tournament. Before our team took the field our coach John Zamouski gave us a talk. He said, â€Å"Well men, we’ve came a long way. Today’s the day we’ve all practiced so hard for, but I want to have fun with it. Lets treat this like every other game we have won. You’re all winners, win or lose. I want you all to know that I feel privileged to have coached such a fine bunch of men. So lets go out and play this game as hard as you can. What do you say, lets go have FUN.† We all got up and yelled, â€Å"YEA.† â€Å"Let’s play hard.† â€Å"Yea† As we all got more pumped up. â€Å"Who are we?† â€Å"N.I.† As we got more loud and more intense. Coach said, â€Å"Bring it in. Win on 3. One, two, three† as we all yelled together â€Å"WIN.† As I ran on to that field I recalled all the practicing I had done, and I knew I owed most of it to my father. He started me throwing and hitting when I was about four-years-old. As my passion grew more and more I wanted to go practice all the time. So I would ask my father to practice with me. Even though my father was tired or in the middle of a good TV show he would practice with me. I remembered my father sitting on an old milk crate while I pitched to him. This made me chuckle a little because I would throw a low wild pitch on accident that would hit him in the legs, but he kept positive. Cody was pitching a 3 hitter and I was playing well too. The score kept going back and forth. There were a lot of errors because the field was all dirt and

Critical thinking Essay

1. How does critical thinking affect you as a reader and writer? How can thinking critically improve your writing? Critical thinking affects a person as a reader and writer in that it is essential to be able to absorb and assimilate knowledge from the environment as well as organize one’s own thoughts and express oneself in a clear and comprehensive manner. It is important to consider critical thinking as being a twofold process. As a reader, one is able to utilize critical thinking as a tool to analyze information being taken in from the outside. Not all information is useful or truthful to a person, and critical thinking is a method of filtering out what is incomprehensible or untruthful and absorbing what is meaningful and valid. As a writer, critical thinking is used in relation to one’s own personal creative thoughts, coming to subjective conclusions about what one believes about the world and expressing these beliefs through writing. Critical thinking is able to improve people’s writing in that the ideas one wants to express become central to the writing process, to develop the perfect way of stating what one desires to say. It is essential to utilize critical thinking in both reading and writing, so that one is able to take in and organize the information from the external environment and make personal judgments and assertions about what one believes. All situations and experiences are both objective and subjective, in that people experience events within the context of the external world. It is important to be able to digest and process information from the external world in an organized fashion, so that one is able to accurately describe and share one’s experiences with others. 2. Read the following Discussion Question response written by Owen, a fictional student. Identify areas of vagueness and ambiguity and discuss how you might clarify the e-mail message using the writing principles addressed in the text. In the response written by Owen, the writing style is such that the reader is not able to clearly understand what is being said. There are instances of vagueness and ambiguity in the writing, and Owen is left appearing as if he does not truly understand what he is supposed to be writing about. For instance, Owen states that critical thinking affects him in â€Å"all ways†. Although this may be true, there is not enough information describing in which ways he is affected. It is important to include enough detail in writing, so that the reader is able to fully comprehend what is being claimed. Owen goes on to say that clear writing is the â€Å"hardest thing in the world†. Although Owen may be having difficulty with his own writing, clear writing is not the hardest thing in the world for all people. Instead of generalizing and making blanket statements, Owen should be plain and honest in saying that clear writing is difficult for him personally. Further on, Owen claims that critical writing is like business writing in that they both need a certain amount of structure, yet then claims that â€Å"structure is harder†. These ideas are simply uncorrelated and do not logically proceed from one another. One cannot compare two styles of writing as being similar and then immediately state that they are dissimilar, at least not without a clear explanation and transition. Overall, Owen could improve his own writing style by paying attention to explaining himself in detail, by taking the necessary time to organize his own thoughts before writing them down. It is vital to express oneself in a clear and comprehensive manner, so that other people are able to easily understand what is being conveyed.

America Needs Censorship Essay - 1567 Words

Being frustrated is disagreeable, but the real disasters in life begin when you get what you want. For almost a century now, a great many intelligent, well-meaning and articulate people have argued eloquently against any kind of censorship of art and entertainment. Within the past twenty years, courts and legislatures have found these arguments so persuasive that censorship is now a relative rarity in most states. Is there triumphant exhilaration in the land? Hardly. Somehow, things have not worked out as they were supposed to, and many civil-libertarians have said this was not what they meant. They wanted a world in which Eugene ONeills Desire under the Elms could be produced, or James Joyces Ulysses published, without interference.†¦show more content†¦That those who certainly know this are moved to deny it merely indicates how a dogmatic resistance to the idea of censorship can result in a mindless insistence on the absurd. For the plain fact is that we all believe that there is a point at which the public authorities ought to step in to limit the self-expression of an individual or a group. A theatrical director might find someone willing to commit suicide on the stage. We would not allow that. And I know of no one who argues that we ought to permit public gladiatorial contests, even between consenting adults. No society can be utterly indifferent to the ways its citizens publicly entertain themselves. Bearbaiting and cockfighting are prohibited only in part out of compassion for the animals; the main reason is that such spectacles, were felt to debase and brutalize the citizenry who flocked to witness them. The question with regard to pornography and obscenity is whether they will brutalize and debase our citizenry. We are, after all, not dealing with one book or one movie. We are dealing with a general tendency that is suffusing our entire culture. Pornographys whole purpose, it seems to me, is to treat human beings obscenely, to deprive them of their specifically human dimension. Imagine a well-known man in a hospital ward, dying an agonizing death. His bladder and bowels empty themselves of their own accord. His consciousness isShow MoreRelatedEssay on America Needs Music Censorship550 Words   |  3 PagesAmerica Needs Music Censorship â€Å"Obscene: so excessive as to be offensive† (http://www.webster.com/cgi-bin/dictionary). This is the way the Webster dictionary defines obscene. How do you? Some say obscene is vulgar; others say the best way to describe obscene is through disgust. No matter how it is thought of, obscene material is everywhere in society. Television is becoming more liberal, magazines are less edited, and music is more abrasive. At some point, the public must put its foot downRead More Internet Censorship Essay - America Needs Censorship of Cyberspace1330 Words   |  6 PagesAmerica Needs Censorship of Cyberspace      Ã‚  Ã‚   In June of 1998 the country was horrified to learn of the death of James Byrd Jr. He was a 49-year-old black man who had been found horribly mutilated after being dragged to death. Authorities have charged three men with murder and violation of civil rights (A Fatal Ride in the Night 33). Obviously, if convicted, these men are guilty of a horrible crime, but what if this crime had been committed after viewing a racist website? If a personRead More America Needs Media Censorship Essay2288 Words   |  10 PagesAmerica Needs Media Censorship Introduction In a world in which acts of heinous violence, murder or crude and shocking behavior seem to be a normal occurrence, it may lead one to wonder what has put society onto this slippery slope. How did this type of behavior come to be so acceptable and in some cases glorifiable? A careful study of society may lead to multi media as being the main cause in this changing of ideals. The modern world has become desensitized to the acts shown on televisionRead MoreAmerica Needs Internet Censorship Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesher computer screen. This could not have happened though. All she was doing was casually browsing the internet before a pop-up appeared. Although it may seem hard to believe, the major cause of events such as this is the lack of censorship on the internet. Internet censorship relates to the removal of offensive, inappropriate, or controversial content published online. The current problem with the internet is that there are few restrictions on what can be published or viewed. Several sites on the internetRead MoreCensorship Of The Beat Generation1062 Words   |  5 Pagesperiod for America so many turned to writing to reflect their situation as a form of comfort. However, there were restrictions on what was read, written, heard and spoke due to the influence of communism. During this period of suppression, there a group of young, intelligent and anti-conformist boys who were studying at Colombia University. Jack Kerouac, William Burroughs, and Allen Ginsberg are the ‘founders’ of Beat Generation. The group beliefs focused on individuality, lack of censorship and salvationRead MoreCensorship And Its Effect On Society1680 Words   |  7 PagesI. A. Censorship. This single word describes the world’s history of literary sabotage, the idea of rejecting a concept or other medium of propaganda simply because it exhibits a disagreeable or supposedly immorally tepid aspect, then forcibly substituting a more ‘ethical’ ide al. Since King Hammurabi stamped out the first cuneiform laws in Babylon, human society has experienced relentless episodes of chronic censorship. It wasn’t until the Roman Empire however, that the word censor was coined, meaningRead MoreEssay about Censorship in America1048 Words   |  5 Pages Censorship in America nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since this country was founded, we have had a set of unalienable rights that our constitution guarantees us to as Americans. One of the most important rights that is mentioned in our constitution is the right to free speech. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and toRead MoreCensorship Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship â€Å"Congress shall make no law†¦prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press, or the right to petition the government for a redress of government.†(Ravitch, 118) As stated in the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, the people of this nation have the right to exercise their beliefs out loud, or in writing. With this in mind, does the government have the right to undermine the foundation of our nation, and censor what we readRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech Across The World Wide Web1133 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper #1 Internet censorship has been a growing issue in America. Many bills like The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and Preventing Real Online Threats to Economic Creativity and Theft of Intellectual Property Act (PIPA) are trying to be passed that are trying to control the internet. If the internet is censored and controlled by the government we will be losing our freedom of speech across the world-wide web. This is huge issue in other countries where people are jailed and prosecuted forRead MoreCensorship Is Not Limited Repressive Regimes Or Network Television?1522 Words   |  7 PagesCensorship is not limited to repressive regimes or network television. Weather we know it or not censorship is happening all the time throughout the day. We censor ourselves, we listen to censored music and as students we see the internet being heavily censored in school. The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was signed into law in 2000; the law requires any public schools or library to filter any inappropriate content from the computers being used by minors. Since the law has been put in