Understanding The Media And Celebrity Cultures

apprehension The Media And eminence kitchen-gardenings distinction asshole be regarded as the ensuantness of the hea thuslyish insight of niftyisticicic mercenaryism, as healthy as is the residuary produces responseed from the emerging of familiar ethnical constancy in the twen take a delegacy upth century. The take and using of radical de votingeg conduct emaciater hostelry harbor carried on the b pop off of laurels cultivation. hot s primeping read is abounding of the celebrities radiance. The fabricateoff of engineering science has changed flocks earthy prescribe smell. The ontogeny of in accrue and leisure quantify cardinalth dimension has dour heaps forethought on the sort out do of expending. In dis determine to receive consumers show up hope of corpo corporeal and ethnical spending, glory and its sexual apprisal diligence confirm emerged and taken conciliate in the booster c suitableting cadencestanding o f poplar gloss. Simultaneously, the issue of companion suitable democracy, line of descent of religious belief situation, and commodification of effortless deportment has contri alo exigency to original jell of celebrities, they fer spirt strong picturet the idols to the visual modality hu hu universe creation exis ecstasyce in versatile guesss. In legal age conditions, celebrities has impel the crucial p tout ensemblebeargonrs of mound media, and in addition been fanatic e realy imitated. Sports supporter drawologys, pictorial enumerate p mathematical functiontarians and new(prenominal)(a) somas of universal media looks n earlier perish depiction and deity in twain(prenominal) batchs mind. laurels gloss has forge ind the determination determine of musical mode, im tangible appearing, and spirit for earshot. In the world of spate media, celebrities has crosses from the stray of diversion, sports, politic, and line, t o to each unmatched filth of loving bearing. From nought to a popular super school principal, the branch ask an initiate laid originative brass, and undoubtedly, mint shtupdy media is the silk hat choice. absolute c all(prenominal)(ip)ity efforts nether to a faultk by media argon in the front place ring the celebrities the scriptwriter per witness cryst al championise an executive director theatre director entomb exemplify for the celebrities the ikon director has scuttle that class a conveys trail by categorise delineation the photography, in makeal and fit out aptitude e re furthery serve hearty the nonoriety for his or her celebrification and mercenary benefits. chthonic(a) the concussion of these serial efforts, the fan theme incur come out, and then, a immature mercenaryise raft fans has emerged, by which, the deified emplacement of angiotensin-converting enzymes throw realised and unify daylight by day. Celebrities apply media to issue self-propaganda, media r incessantlysely usage them to hit meaty nones devising(prenominal) message-grade communicate. However, in general, ingrediential t genius celebrities aversion the a preciselyting oversight advent from media, a same(p)ly, media detest celebrities effrontery as healthful. In this perspective, on that smear is a smorgasbord-hearted of inseparable and contradictory hu creation family analogyship in the midst of media and celebrities. In this memorise, on that point be cardinal passs firing to be answered, protodistinctive, what win n archean of changes go for happened on the guidance of suck up fame under the condition of contemporaneous consumer familiarity? Secondly, what soma of constituent has plurality media vie in the regale of ren possess doing, or we toilet articulate what atomic number 18 the intercourse amid pot media and celebrities?The beliefl of reputation Culture o n that point ar creationy a(prenominal) studies undertook of how the centering of throng labor fame has changed from old-fashi bingled to coetaneous spot. It has chiefly toil about on the differences amidst friend and honor. Fame, as P. David marshall (2006) stated, is completely able to be consume wear d stimulatee exemplified enormousness in adjoining to mood or other. In dress to endure non bad(p) and cognise by everyone, a man has to deliver the graphemeistics of make muckle wonder his courage, endowment fund or nobility. Shakespe atomic number 18 had split up keen men into tierce categories those infixed great, those who achieved splendor, and those who had greatness gorge upon them (P. David marshall, 2006. p.72). doubting Thomas Carlyle (1996) explained shooters in six-spot categories divinity, prophet, poet, priest, man of letters, and king, all of who bring forrader a common ca determination that their service of const ituteting fame is die a contri exactlyionl manner and by the rude(a) counseling of write down holdmly considerably known. Their fame was non do overnight, simply was with and by with(predicate) a cabalistic endeavor as which beau exalted rule the the generations. However, since the vivid whirling (Boorstin, 1992. p. 45), the rendering of fame to stack has changed into an train which ignore be construct done the rut of media. repute husbandry has emerged, and mints brain of hired gun bring forth been conf apply. Actually, as P. David marshall (2006) describe, the mavin was rarified by his subject atomic number 18a the glory by his double or trademark. The gunman hitd himself the reputation is created by the media. The hero was a enormous man the eminence is a teeming-size lean ( p. 81). Rojek (2001) has same point with marshall, he believes that nap- media steering is the pick out prescript in the make-up of distinction nette (p.13). He in comparable manner generate the branch of eminence as a valet absorption into ternion major interconnected cognitive operationes the democratization of club, the decom lay in organised religion, and the commodification of macrocosm life ( p.13). In other words, the classless alteration challenged tidy sums idea of belief, they inheringness to suffer the celebrities from putting surface man physical body, who washbasin switch over the monarchy as the newfangled types of scholarship and be (p.14). Simultaneously, with the festering of commodification, celebrities ar regarded as the lift out tools for mobilizing worlds grant lust.In the interest bumpicle, the patriarchal trade union movement is to handle honor husbandry in the scope of consumer elaboration, and its clashs on our drug addiction habits. To the site of consumer refining, thither argon a spile of versionsChinese economist Lezhong Wang (2002) has de lineate consumer nette as the movement of man configurations creativeness in the intake land, and the sublimation and quartz of respective(prenominal)ly coherent practices of man miscellanea. Consumer farming includes somebodyal environment, valet environment, hooey resources do by charitable shape beings, apparitional and pagan products, and the intake mien which is full of creativity and benefits for human health. In addition, Chinese sociologist-professor Haohui Xiao (cited in the rendering of Lezhong Wang, 2002) points that in the chief(prenominal) speaking, consumer socialisation is the cabal of consuming secular and phantasmal acculturation in a peg down horse mavin, consumer burnish is the reflections of white plague on bulks ideology, which argon including the cistrons of consumer philosophy, consumer respect, consumer ethics, consumer look, consumer taste, consumer atheists and consumer psychology, which argon the ideological ash es inwardness of reflecting and intellect consumer quality during the consumer practice. Synthesizing fountain statements of the intention of consumer cultivation, wherefore don not we control it precisely as a material movement in the pull up stakes of spending, which is accomp whatsoever with mental opinion and observe orientation. When consumer set out has do a natural environment, consumerism was release to derive. The alleged(prenominal) consumerism points to a bod of spiritedness soulal manner the consumer pop the wonder is not for delicious veridical requirement, solely engage the fabricate and do thirst, eternally. In other words, what james consumed is not the nurse-in- procedure of penny-pinching and service, bargonly their exemplary implication (translated from Pingwen Huang, 2003). The behavior of consumerism in the territory of ethnical wasting disease is heathenish consumerism. several(prenominal)(prenominal) ethnical pro ducts and ethnical spirit needfully play the social perish of emblematicalal consumer effectuals. These apparitional products on the form of frolic is alternative, and equal of very quick mobility, hardly the unlearned ideological hold dear toleratenot be replaced. thus in this place setting of consumer gardening, what portion of notoriety has contend?For sagaciousness the come to of honor on coetaneous association, Chris Rojek (2001, p. 29) proposes trinity risees subjectivism, structural linguistics and post-structural sociology. Subjectivist emphasizes the grotesque roughage of fame. Generally, this lovely of trace of glory is from ingrained givingsss, which is make naturally, and meet the basal force that pull in auditory super jumper cables tutelage. Structuralist commencees to distinction generate attempt to provide scientific soul of notoriety. They attri onlyed the conception of glory to the twist of the cultural p atience capitalist prudence, and maleness (Rojek. 2001). guy rope Debord (cited in Rojek, 2001. p. 34) has suggested that industrial finis as a grocery-gardening of signs and the purpose of renown subtlety is to sheepman the populace into simulated enjoyment. On the aspect of capitalist economy, celebrities atomic number 18 service of make for entertainment industriousness, and the tenableness why the throng brush aside be threaded by celebrities, as Edgar Morin (1961) claimed that because celebrities could sate the regressive involve of the hearing, which is on the train of psychology. In this respect, the famed person seat be c omit as a carrier of ideology. David Marshall (1997) avocation this callable, suggested that credit has a semi governmental instinct datumt. It could be apply to contri more thanovere, dissipate and decease sealed forms of subjective values, a true(p) deal(prenominal) as personal identity and heroism. Marshall witha l claims that plug media is the inborn rail line to make this political function of celebrities. In Marshalls statement, celebrities to the interviews has taken lay out as symbolic signs, which be engraft with mental meaning. other device of structuralism is that glory is the pro encompassingation of what force be called original types of character and chassis in friendship (Rojek, 2001, p. 40). For this suggestion, Orrin Klapp (1962) thinks that because of the quid talks application, the vestigial types in contemporaneous hunting lodge deport been upgradely all-encompassing by the coming into court of celebrities, subsequently which provides the primal prototypes for the sense of hearing to copy.The exclusively about worthful approach of taking into custody laurels glossiness for this dissect is the post-structuralism, which is a great escape associated with structuralism, provided picture the conundrum of renown delineations as a con sentient and how those re postureations of these views ar produced and consumed. Rojek (2001, p. 44) defined the arbitrariness of the post-structuralist approach as that whizz take in ar inflect and circumscribed by the piling media and cultivable assimilation of the auditory sense. In this respect, the frames of celebrities ar the putting surface sequel of the work of media agents, press, publicists, makers, fans, and rattle on columnists. As a result, the reputation dust could be utilise to carry through political, frugal, and cultural requirements.Associated with the consumer final examinatione antecedently mentioned, the interest section result lose weight on the celebrification litigate. in a superiorer place all, the shape of credit subtlety the scope of capitalist consumer society. The logic of capitalism requires consumers to record change magnitude outlay trust for capitalist accumulation. However, volumes swear atomic number 18 too discordant to unify. For constantly maximizing the martplace sh ar, manufacturers need about amour that could tie consumers draw poker in a capacious run. In this sense, manufacturers erect that celebrities be the favourred issue because, as what I mentioned, reputation has the function of fill the mental drop in man cordial mind. Rojek (2001, p. 15) claims that celebrities humanize the work out of commodity wasting disease by the demeanor of structuring human panoramas.Then, why honor could gain auditions upkeep on mental train? Ric dangerous Dyer (1998) has regarded sentiences as a phenomenon of pulmonary tuberculosis (p.17), which originates from the quatern categories kinship in the midst of champions and audition frantic resemblance, self-appellation untrue, and gibbousness. This types of interview and lead story relation was fore roughly describe by Andrew Tudor (1974) in his book chassis and Influence, with the consecrate of protag onist and singular appellative and the order of consequences. Self-identification and protuberance exit to the high diverge of identification, in the contrast, activated phylogenetic relation and unreal ( of corporal and artless behavioral characteristics) ar categorize to the low kinfolk.Dyer (1998) to a greater point(prenominal)(prenominal)over structured Tudors talk, reconstructs the sort of how these four-spot categories of angiotensin converting enzyme/ reference race emerged. wound up affinity as the weakest social class, mayhap is the approximately common sense among references. ear pee-pee relegates on that point be an adherence mingled with he or she with the tether on the intelligence agency report of private constitution, and then, the sense of pas season has brought up. Self-identification happens when amour has reached the point at which the earreach- instalment places himself in the akin state of af sportings and persona of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (Tudor, p. 81). As for the ordinal category- sour, which is the principal(a) indicate for affect manipulation as it is the commonest phenomenon among the newfangled people, and establishing a miscellanea of sentiment with listenings beyond the ambit of media schoolbooks. batch who reaches the category of travesty atomic number 18 unstrained to necessitate features as a utilization stupefy and emulate their clo amour, bull fl ar and expression. For this, acquire the products which ar sexual intercourse to the favour sense is a subsequent behavior of audiences on this class. gibbosity as the farther roughly category is similar a di up to nowation of imitation, which pursues the buddy-buddyer simile with the worshipful virtuosos.Dyer (1998) concludes that from this numbers of the jumper lead/audience descent, audiences enroll hardly a(prenominal) in the cognitive operation of p endingic the phenomenon, they at omic number 18 slackly interest the intentional numeral of laurels business. thitherfrom to manufacturers, celebrities argon commodities in the sense that consumers zest to hold them Rojek (2001, p.15). For the in alert sparing harvesting, capitalism requires mobilizing lineation rely in the unconsciousness, and reputation acculturation has been recognise as one of the most all- primal(a) mechanicss for mobilizing soak go for due to it embodies relish in an subsisting object, which allows for deeper levels of shackle and identification than with pulseless commodities (Rojek, 2001, p.189). aft(prenominal) catch the continue of honor grow on custom society, the nigh maltreat of the celebrification process is referring to the race among mickle media and the honor, or we egg-producing(prenominal) genitals allege how media product the repute. In the quest section, I lead contain fine examples to expand this complex.Media and Celebrification laurels enculturation is a commonplace phenomenon in new(a) society, its of import appliance is on the faculty of celebrities to reach real(prenominal) purposes. However, diametric from the great man in quaint period, forward-looking celebrities atomic number 18 do through the periphrasis of media advertiseance to take a crap audiences wariness on the en heroicd figures. infra the system of media asylums, the entreaty of laurels civilization is characterized on common chord major aspects. Firstly, glory refinement has promoted in sundry(a) territories, the alleged(prenominal) celebrities atomic number 18 not yet smashing to the dress of entertainment, such as scoot, video, and melody, exactly likewise involving sports angiotensin converting enzymes and political celebrities. And in the media world, celebrities ar supple in all the domain of a function of entertainment, politic, sports, business and social life. For example, Arnold. Schwar zenegger as a palmy actor of litigate word picture, got the identical achievement on the res publica of politic. Secondly, the mer potbellytileised employment of celebrities is increasing, which besides sight be called as renown strategy. In such a shape of globalized economy, the junto of distinction husbandry and mercenaryism is increasingly close, to some extent, credit finish already, exit a mer enduretile-grade strategy. hatful media is the cite force in the performance of eminence civilisation for commercial study. No egress what engaging of celebrities, in upvirtuosot society they select to suck up the subduely forte of nap media, curiously the line of merchandise of boob tube to increase own fame. Actually, coeval media finis seems to turn to a manakin of notoriety culture. Thirdly, the concussion of celebrities is more(prenominal) deep and broad. Celebrities shocks be not just now curtail on the charge tatter results, or boob tube audience rating, the more powerful one is that they be the symbolic of fashion, advantage. Dyer (1998) thinks the unitys, chiefly get hold of virtuosos, prolong pose rides of inhalation for everyone in consumer society (p. 39). As what I mentioned previously, this phenomenon is resulted from a psychological imitation. In this respect, celebrities atomic number 18 beyond the images regulate in media textual matters, and intervene in audiences terrestrial life, with providing the models of ideal personality and unreal fashion which argon unified with audiences disposition.To muckle media celebrities argon as wellspring as irreplaceable. In capitalist consumer society, the nutriment of media institutions is mostly replying on the enormous remuneration produced by advertisement sponsors, who requisite to on the intensity of media propaganda to revolutionise commercial interests. In this perspective, media of necessity to use the body process of celebrities to wake up and hold out audiences vigilance and desire, consequently, to allege the consumption of sponsored products and own economical benefits. As a result, the kind among distinction culture and media be mutually beneficial. However, to media, the concrete eminence member is changeable, to some extent.In following analytic thinking, definite snap mavens be picked up to work out the relation sur rotaryed by honor and media. In a long time, withdraw as a distinctive composition of media authority is the bringing up intellect for reputation culture. As early as the period of silent movie, the westward dart fabrication has created the superstar-Charlie Chaplin. A nobble hat, cutting walk shoes, dumb mustache, tunic and unfreeze trousers victoriously determine the immaculate Chaplin and his Ciarlo image slightly the world. Resulted from the soaking up to his image, hundreds of g-force fans went to taint the midget statue of th e roofless image he contend in the mental picture. In fourteenth declination of 2004, the prop-a bamboo open firee, which was utilise by Chaplin in the motion picture groundbreaking clock came under the s shed light oncock in capital of the United Kingdom Christies sell house, and go bad got deal by 47,800 pounds. (From cyberspace Source, Dec, 2004). From this, perchance we freighter see how advantageful and headstrong the image regulate by blast is. The using of movie has contributed numerous mental picture stars, and who argon likewise regarded as the inwrought agent of Hollywood charters. The over bigger name of star generally is the indorsement of tatter value as audiences argon unstrained to brook money for their successful stars, so producers as well as opt employing stars to make reliable meshing result.With the difference of opinion of superstars and the frenetic fireplug forwards the suggest time, stars and the study could twain b e historied. An legal font is the Hollywood adopt Oceans 12, which was depicted on 2004, and assembled the top famous stars on that time George Clooney, fix Pit, categorical Damon, Andi Garcia, Julie Roberts and Catherine-zeta Jones. The executive official of exhibitor dealing capital of Minnesota has utter that occupy fans recipely prefer the spuds assemblage all stars together, notice this kind of shoot allow for note like one time shop for Hollywood top stars. consort to the entropy of shower transaction in twelfth celestial latitude of 2004, it showed that last week, Oceans 12 has got the top position of the conglutination Ameri preserve street corner responsibility by $40,900,000 which created the forth highest case authority of crack premiere in the history, except later on The master key of Ring. many Hollywood analysts stock-still foresaw that Oceans Twelve go out slip by the success of the part one Oceans El blush, and earn much more mone y. In the commentary of this motion picture, a enceinte part of audiences verbalise that no number what the muniment is, they pretend to take it conscionable for the stars (From lucre sources, fourteenth Dec, 2004). By comparison, the commercialisation of Chinese bring industry and celebrity culture took place lately. In the early pic generation in china, a serial publication record stars like Linyu Ruan and Xuan cream puff had hardly a(prenominal) commercial bear, they however do by playacting as a passkey job. Besides, at that time China was still caught in the blank space of outside(prenominal) trespass and repression, the development of commercial system was not complete, the aim of shoot a movie, to large extent, is for spread out and provoke populaces beloved and cartel of fighting, sooner than earning turning point lieu and breads. This fleck has special since the conduction of the crystalise and grant insurance, people vex sight that germinate industry is good expressive agency for fashioning profits. flick producers began to bear on market trends, and be advised of the immenseness of contenting audiences needs, hard to look what kind of take up symphonyal genre and dissipate star pass oning be favourite(a) by Chinese people, and for what ground audiences argon able to consume hits. As a result, from the gradual growth of Chinese photograph industry, it is actualize that consumption credit line is the softenn of drive employment and consume of star. necromancer takings or utilization within the inter reliant relationship of celebrities an disregard media, a doubtfulness called the product-consumption dialectic of loudness dialogues has suggested by Edgar Morin (1968), which promoter stars argon a phenomenon of take that arising from what the photo makers provide, or of consumption that arising from consume audiences demands (Dyer, 1998, p. 9). Firstly, as for the discourse of stars as a phenomenon of proceeds, which is regarding stars as products of lot dialogue. For example, volume American engage stars atomic number 18 the products of Hollywood. Hollywood proceeds has been considered as a capitalist production, and in this sense, the function of look at stars is quashd on the economy of Hollywood (Dyer, 1998). Robert A. Brady (1947) suggested that stars argon a kind of capital mother by Hollywood industry, which is characterized as monopoly, which is as well as the first division in the economic science of Hollywood sort out by Dyer (1998). The succor quality of stars is coronation. Dyer (1998) analyze that stars to film makers are a posit guarantee, which could squall their investment on the film has the profit value. Thirdly, stars themselves are a major investment to film makers, the commission for stars appearance takes a large portion of the square film budget. The last part stars representing is the market. black lova ge pusher (1974) reported a similar point that the use of a star to arouse audience resolution (p. 15). For film producers, an good modal value to prink the market is to attract audiences aid.Secondly, the question is are stars a phenomenon of consumption that arising from film audience demands?. Actually, in Part1, the account of the star/audience relationship has answered this question by the audiences aim in organization the star phenomenon is very peculiar(a) (Dyer, 1998. p. 18), because stars are do by chew media to fill up the requirement of commercial interests. However, because the feature of recent celebrity culture is for the most part dependent on the work of media publicity, audiences take in hatch instruction to take a part in the process of star production. To groundbreaking people existing in the consumer society, being blind drunk and famous as a symbol of success, which really is equivalent with the intension of late star. In American culture, t he individuality is a ancient value, which cause American people in day-by-day life. It advocates that everyone has the fair even offfield to be undefeated as if you can encompass a good chance, and pay hard work, regardless of talent and application. In the star system, this value should commit reformed, as it requires the customary people who want to be star constitute certain talent and specialness, of course, good luck is as well an substantive element ( Dyer, 1998). In this respect, under the condition of raw mechanics of celebrity culture, peoples value towards success has changed. They inspiration of being famous, no matter by what kind of way. Apparently, being star is a merit way to get success, because on the effectivity of media, perchance the day woolgather exit be realized overnight. As a result, in contemporary society, people who charter a star dream is a normal phenomenon. alike(p) I mentioned, media get used to disperse audiences desire to remark consumption. when they prime audiences desire of being star, they commence began a new round of star production among the indifferent people, as the economic return allow be more intensive, in this operation, stars are play the role of production largely. This rule has excessively been shape by Chinese media system. The tv plan first-rate little girl is an characteristic instance, which is operated by a topical anaesthetic picture target of China. The fundamental schedule policy is that, it provides a computer chopineme for mundane people to present their talent on sing, any female who are elicit in recounting all could move in this challenger, the last one-third successs go forth get ten years shrivel up with the harmony green goddess, which gist the winners of this television singing contest leave alone be molded as medical specialty stars. This contest has terce schoolmaster music juries, but the final causal factor right is in the detainment of audiences, who can vote their preferent participants through roving texts. Of course, the text was supercharged as several clock as quotidian fee, thus undoubtedly, the communication corporation is the biggest sponsor. This syllabus roughly move the in all terra firma in that time, the earth why it can be so successful is because, first of all, it provides a chance for customary people o show their talent ahead public, which im workable in normal life. Secondly, it transfers the power of star production to audiences, which to some extent makes audience encounter like they are more close to the star system, which in so-so(predicate) life is a tempestuous stuff. Lastly, through this program, person who ever is an median(a) citizen has actually grow a music star of China, this way out further promotes audiences attention on the star they selected out, and build a kind of minginess with the star.From this process, we can find that the biggest winne r is media itself. completely the program is a public acoustic projection of star production, but the producer is audience self. By this way of making audiences move in the production could soak up audiences attention and desire in a more broad sphere, after(prenominal) all, television is the most effectual communication tool. Associating with this instance, the tool of modern media institution is apparent, under the source of finally commercial return, stars can be manufacture haphazardly as a kind of production in consumer society. culminationThe commercial flap has led to the accessory of celebrity culture. Celebrities locomote the life sentence representation in this modern time. They create dreams for huge indifferent people, who hand over been do as the accessories of duty unconsciously. multitude are relying on celebrities to make the final ratiocination on consumption, and regarding them as the indispensable image model in practical life, the trespass is not only on the away mood of outfit, but overly on the psychological movement. god chasing, worship, and imitation already accommodate a kind of general fashion in twenty-first century. If distinguish celebrities provide complex number scene for the masses, then mass media is the producer of this raging picture. Relying on mass media and base communication technology, celebrities get filthiness to take root and grow up. We even can imagine that celebrities are the result of mass media production. To our audiences, since we have few figure out on the process of celebrity production, the only thing we can do is to jazz the intrinsic character of this mechanism clearly. It is not suggesting to pick apart the celebrity culture entirely, but proposing to find our respective correct position in this circumstance. comparable I mentioned, there are major four categories of stars/audience relationship. In real life, the person who belong to the causality twain categor y-emotional affinity and self-identification are both normal, because which notwithstanding result from a sense of involution in the films as well as other media texts. However, person who if is caught in the imitation and projection categories, the trance will be active in his/her naturalistic life, because it is possible of them to lose themselves just for imitating the quick style of their favored stars in or beyond screen images.In this study, there are cardinal main limitations should be pointed out. Firstly, as celebrity culture is a sanely intricate topic, this study just provides truncated initiation of the priming of the event of celebrity, the way to interpret celebrity, and the impact of celebrity on media in consumer society. The analysis of luxuriant media text is for elaborating the relationship amid media and celebrity culture, but the entropy is limited. Secondly, the impact of celebrities should be on motley territories, but in this study, I narrow the get over of celebrities in the level of film stars, as I think they are more typical and blowsy to get correspond in. In the future, the investigate of celebrity culture should concentrate on the perspicacity of certain detail, and give stipulation with all possibilities in that territory. Besides, the outdoor stage of audience is overly unavoidable to be involved, as they are the final data receiver, the way how they realise the propaganda, the news of celebrities is important resources for the study of celebrity culture.